Geneticists study mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA to determine the ancestry of modern humans. Such studies have led to the emergence of mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam, whose features above are a far-cry from an artist's interpretation of the Biblical narrative. Their progeny came to have the range of physical features now described as racial differences. How has modern genomics contributed to the debate about the validity and definition of these hypothetical parents and their descendants?

Q: Which of the following is an example of how genotype and environmental factors can work together to…

A: The phenotypic expression is basically guided by the genotypic composition of an individual. however…

Q: (B) Y TRN TRN TRN TRN Y TRN TRN TRN TRN Y W TRN NRT (C) (D) a b c d TRN V W Y Z TRN TRN a TRN a b Y…

A: Chromosomal rearrangements are a reproductive barriers source and are recombination supressors.…

Q: An undergraduate researcher in your lab is studying mutations affecting the wings of Drosophila…

A: Alleles of homozygous bent-winged fly which possesses the normal allele of apterous: ap+be, apbe…

Q: . In 1932, H. J. Muller suggested a genetic test to determine whether a particular mutation whose…

A: The rugose gene plays a crucial role in the formation of the correct retinal pattern in the eye. It…

Q: Marcia saw an ad on television for ancestry DNA testingand thought, ”Why not?” She ordered a kit,…

A: Mitochondrial inheritance:In humans, only the mother contributes mitochondria to the zygote via the…

Q: In mammals, more than one chiasma per chromosome arm is an indication that crossing-over has…

A: Chiasma is the point of contact between two non sister-chromatids.

Q: In an 1889 book titled Natural Inheritance (Macmillan, New York), Francis Galton, who investigated…

A: Francis Galton, who studied measurable feature inheritance, proposed the law of "ancestral…

Q: The complete absence of one or more teeth (tooth agenesis) is a common trait in humans—indeed, more…

A: The pedigree chart indicates several generations and helps understand the inheritance pattern of a…

Q: Pedigrees are frequently used to study patterns of inheritance in various organisms, especially in…

A: Using pedigrees, one can determine how a given trait is passed down through a family. A trait's…

Q: 1.

A: On the y-axis of GWAS Manhattan plots, the negative logarithm of the association p-value for each…

Q: Mitochondrial DNA sequences have been detected in the nuclear genomes of many organisms, and cpDNA…

A: There are certain genes of chloroplasts that are found in the chloroplast of the same plant. During…

Q: Albinism is a recessive trait in humans.A geneticist studies a series of families in which both…

A: Exceptions to the Mendelian pattern of inheritance are many in number, which are important to study…

Q: About one billion people in the world do marriages among their relatives. There is a famous proverb…

A: The process of marrying among relatives is called as consanguineous marriage.

Q: Geneticists study mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA to determine the ancestry of modern humans.…

A: Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation and heredity in living…

Q: In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle…

A: Genes in nuclear content express most of the characters, while some of the characters are associated…

Q: Ichthyosis is a rare X-linked recessive disorder that is characterized by scaling of the skin around…

A: Note- we are supposed to answer 3 subpart of a question according to our guidelines. So please…

Q: While studying the genetics of the "Cute Faced Bat" face structure gene, three alleles (CO, CN, CF)…

A: An allele is a gene's alternative version that exists on the same locus. Each gene only has two…

Q: Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for…

A: Inherited factors are those that carry the genetic information from one species to another.…

Q: DNA profiling has been used to verify pedigrees of valuable animals such as show dogs, racing…

A: Eukaryotic genomes contain a significant amount of repetitive DNA that does not code for proteins. A…

Q: Solve the following genetics problem: (1)Assume that you are a lawyer working in a family law and…

A: Gene is a particular segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for the inheritance…

Q: In humans, the ability to digest lactose beyond childhood is determined by a single gene on…

A: The diploid organisms contain two alleles for a particular gene. According to the mendelian…

Q: A study of three generations in a family of a male colleague of the authors indicated that many of…

A: Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. They include:…

Q: For this pedigree, assume all individuals are homoplasmic, but people from different families have…

A: Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) is a circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. Unlike nuclear DNA,…

Q: 2) We hear of a mother with 10 natural children, 8 of whom have blue eyes while the other two (one…

A: Genetics is a field of study that deals with heredity and genetic factors. Eye color is a genetic…

Q: On an episode of the science fiction television program Doctor Who, the “Progenation Machine” can…

A: Independent assortment of ghromosomes ensure the production of natural recombination. As described…

Q: A biotechnology company offers a direct-to-consumer test called the Carrier Status report that…

A: Genetic testing or DNA testing is done to identify errors or changes occurred in a DNA sequence or…

Q: Genetics Constrict a Table: (i) Compare and contrast the down syndrome, pattau syndrome, turnor…

A: Trisomy isn't AN inherited genetic abnormality indicated by case history. In fact, it's forever a…

Q: Eye colors are passed down through generations, but sometimes genetic variations can lead to…

A: Introduction :- The term "mutants" generally refers to organisms with a genetic mutation, which is a…

Q: Recessive maternal effect genes are identified in flies (for example)when a phenotypically normal…

A: Drosophila is usually used for genetic studies in the laboratory. The phenotype of the offspring can…

Q: In humans, gene A is paternally imprinted. The paternal copy of the gene is methylated and not…

A: Given  Family 1 Father's gene is not expressed in both dominant as well as in recessive condition.…

Q: Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) is a birth defect in whichpremature fusion of the cranial sutures…

A: The CFNS (craniofrontonasal syndrome) is a birth defect in which cranial sutures fuses at the…

Q: The complete absence of one or more teeth (tooth agenesis) is a common trait in humans-indeed, more…

A: The pedigree analysis helps us identifying the mode of inheritance of a particular disease by…

Q: Can you make a model that shows how blue eyes originated? Can you include genes, chromosomes,…

A: Punnett square is a graphical tool that predicts the likelihood of offspring inheriting certain…

Q: How could researchers have determined that the rhesus monkeys Mito and Tracker (see Fig. 15.19)…

A: A small circular DNA that is found inside mitochondria is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. This…

Q: Why have geneticists used reverse genetics to study the genes involved in vertebrate development?…

A: Reverse genetics is an approach where the function of a gene is identified by analysing the…

Q: In the early 1970s, Igor Dawid and Antonie Blacklerconducted classical experiments that first showed…

A: The phenotype of an organism is controlled by its genes that are inherited from both the parents.…

Q: The four chromosomes depicted here are Y chromosomes from men in different parts of the world. The…

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA. A…

Q: For practice construct a Genetic map with three genes in Arabidopsis plants. A short plant (hy) is…

A: Genetic Map : It is a type of chromosome map that shows the relative locations of genes and other…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.