Genetic Engineering                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Genetic engineering has been used in many different ways, such as  human growth hormone for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism (recombinant DNA) plants engineered to be resistant to herbicides and pests an “antifreeze” gene inserted into some Atlantic salmon and halibut Select one of the examples of genetic engineering listed above and provide a description of the technology in terms of how it works and what steps are taken.   Example:   Brief description of the technology:   Steps involved in achieving desired outcome:

Forward Genetics Analysis uses a variety of beneficial approaches to identify never before described For each of the following approaches or outcomes, briefly (maximum 2 sentences) discuss in your own words, their purpose in Forward Genetics Analysis. genes. Induced mutation

CRISPR One of the more recent advances in biotechnology is the development of the CRISPR gene modification tool. Match the following descriptions the the key players in this technology. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice. CRISPR technology Specialized stretches of DNA with nucleotide repeats and Cas9 protein spacers Enzyme that cuts DNA crRNA Guides the enzyme to the target site CRISPR DNA Adapted from the natural defense mechanism of bacteria and archaea

After sequencing a new genome for the first time, functional protein-coding genes are initially identified by:     BLAST searches that look for viral integration in the host genome     Bioinformatic searches that reveal consensus sequences in expressed genes     Aligning expressed exons sequenced from cDNA using transcriptomics     B and C     A and B Many regions of non-coding eukaryotic DNA previously thought to be "junk" are now known to contain sequence elements important to regulating gene expression. What approach can be used to identify important non-coding regulatory regions when annotating a newly sequenced genome?     comparing cDNA to genomic DNA to validate that the gene is expressed     identifying restriction enzyme recognition sequences in the genome     phylogenetic footprinting to identify conserved non-coding sequences     searching for start/stop codons and splice recognition sites that predict where a gene might be located…