Futile cycles occur when     Enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are turned on simultaneously.     Gluconeogenesis enzymes are inhibited but glycolysis enzymes are turned on.     Glycolysis enzymes are inhibited but gluconeogenesis enzymes are turned on.     Only Bypass III enzymes are turned on

What type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle? Select all that apply. O Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase O Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase O Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase O Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex O Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthase O Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex O Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis

Which statement is TRUE regarding the glycolytic pathway? It includes five phosphate transfer reactions.   All of the enzymes that are regulated by product inhibition.   It includes reactions catalyzed by three isomerase enzymes.   All of the enzymes are regulated by high ATP concentratrion

How can the knowledge about fermentation explain the origin of muscle cramps and pains after intense physical exertion?

An individu with chronic hypoglycemia was suspected of having a defect in one of the enzymes unique to gluconeogenesis. To identify the defective enzyme, tissue samples from a normal liver were compared to samples from the patient's liver biopsy, using a biochemical assay that measures glucose production from glycerol or malate. It was found that incubation with glycerol produced normal amounts of glucose in both the control and biopsied liver samples; however, incubation with malate did not lead to glucose production in the liver biopsy, even though it did lead to glucose production in the control liver sample. Based on these observations, which of the 4 unique gluconeogenesis enzymes is most likely defective in the individual? Consider each enzyme and explain your choice, including why you ruled out enzymes that you did not choose. To answer this question, review how glycerol enters gluconeogenesis (figure 9.48) and how citrate cycle metabolites are transported in and out of the…

Which of the following conditions is most likely to force a muscle cell to metabolize glucose anaerobically(fermentation) under normal oxygenation ? - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency  -Pyruvate kinase deficiency  -Aldolase deficiency  - Cytososic Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Which of the following enzymes CANNOT be found in the skeletal muscle? Glucose-6-phosphatase Glycogen synthase Glycogen phosphorylase Adenylyl cyclase Hexokinase Which of the following processes do NOT produce CO2?   (1) Fatty acid synthesis (2) Oxidative deamination(3) Preparatory phase of glycolysis (4) Pentose phosphate pathway (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (2) and (4) only (1), (3) and (4) only (1), (2), (3) and (4) _______________ is an intermediate metabolite linkage between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A. MalateB. CitrateC. Acetyl-CoA D. AspartateE. α-ketoglutarate ______________ transfers carnitine from mitochondrial matrix to cytoplasm during the transport of fatty acid to mitochondria. Carnitine acyltransferase I CarnitineacyltransferaseII Transaminase Translocase Citric acid shuttle

Why is the second step of glycolysis so important to the rest of the process.  Hint: what would be the products if aldolase acted on glucose-1,6-bisphophate instead of its normal substrate?

The first step in the glycolysis pathway involves adding a phosphate group to glucose. The significance of this is:     to directly produce the first ATP molecule     to add negative groups to help keep glucose in the cell     to convert glucose into an enzyme     to prevent excess glucose from entering the cell     all of these

Glycolysis enzymes are all water-soluble and found in the cytosol. True /False