Q: The process of __________ usually involves modification and selectivity
A: Introduction Breeding is a type of sexual reproduction that results in formation of offspring, which…
Q: What is the relationship between positional information and pattern formation? Give examples to…
A: The spatial organization of cell differentiation can be considered a pattern formation. This…
Q: Allbof these answers asap
A: Specimen It is a small quantity of a substance or object that is used for analysis and diagnosis. It…
Q: True or False? Humans have the highest number of genes of all organisms for which genomes have been…
A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…
Q: please help with question Clearly STATE your NULL hypothesis
A: The null hypothesis is a statistical theory that states that there is no statistical relationship or…
Q: Explain the central dogma
A: Answer- Central dogma for biology was postulated by Francis Crick in 1958.
Q: Why incidence of dark cutting beef is high during cold and hot temperatures
A: Dark-cutting is a stress related condition that is caused by the depletion of glycogen prior to…
Q: f a Chi-square test in Genetics
A: Genetics – the study of heredity and variation * Heredity – the transmission of traits from one…
Q: What does contrast mean
A: Contrast is a phenomenon that has great application in optical microscopy. It is studied under the…
Q: natural selection and animals
A: Evolution is the key for the survival of the organism. An organism evolves because of the…
Q: Explain how the technique of replica plating supports the randommutation theory but conflicts with…
A: Mutation is defined as a change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence which in turn alters the…
Q: About 9 percent of Caucasian males are color-blind andcannot distinguish red-colored from…
A: Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder that is mostly seen in males as in males only…
Q: Label disruptive, directional, stabilizing, or frequency dependent selection:
A: Natural selection is a process by which individual organisms having favorable characteristics are…
Q: To explain: The term sexual selection.
A: Introduction: Sexual selection is a method of characteristic choice where individuals from one…
Q: Similarities in ____ are the basis of similarities in traits
A: Expressed traits are due to the presence of similar types of proteins. Expressed traits are called…
Q: What is frame shifting?
A: Step 1 Mutations are unpredictable, stable, and inheritable changes that occur in the organisms due…
Q: In a minimum of 5 sentences, expound the quote "Natural selection will not remove ignorance from…
A: Charles Darwin's natural selection is the adaptation and alteration of living species. Individuals…
Q: GENETICS - Physical Basis of Heredity -
A: For column 1 a:= 46 b: = 23 For column 2 c: = 12 d: = 12
Q: Hair Coloring Experiment We test a new brand of red hair coloring (Red Hair Paint) on 6th grade…
A: An independent variable is the variable whose variation does not depend on that of another variable.…
Q: Examples of Natural selection and Nature vs Nurture in Macbeth with relation to creating an identity…
A: According to the question, we have to provide examples of Natural selection and Nature vs Nurture in…
Q: Central Dogma?
A: Central dogma was first proposed by Francis Crick in 1958. It is the process by which the…
Q: Albinism occupied a special place in the Hopi culture; individuals who possessed this trait were…
A: Introduction Genes are the key components that control all the cell activities and also the basic…
Q: Elaborate on DNA capabilities
A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil…
Q: Down Syndrome and Prenatal Testing—The New Eugenics?
A: The mistake in the meiosis process occurs, where the 21 pair of chromosomes is not able to divide in…
Q: In what ways does systems biology depend on reductionism?
A: Systems biology is a method of investigating biological organisms or a way of thinking about them.…
Q: importance of sample size in studies involving probabilities
A: In statistics, the sample size refers to the number of observations or individual samples or…
Q: How imprinting works
A: A human inherits their alleles one from mother and one from father. Both the alleles are generally…
Q: 55. true or false: natural selection involves genetic variation differential reproductive success…
A: Evolution can be described as a slow process in which species adapt to genetic changes according to…
Q: Revise the passage Darwin is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics,…
A: Darwin and Lamarck proposed theories explaining evolution. Darwin proposed the theory of natural…
Q: Genetics question
A: Eukaryotic cells contain the nucleus, whereas the prokaryotic cells lack it.
Q: Why is the color blindness gene still common in today's population?
A: Color blindness: It is a genetic disease caused due to mutations on the X-chromosome. color…
Q: Genetics/Chi Square Question: Should I accept or reject the null hypothesis. Why?
A: "Inheritance" is the process through which a child gets genetic information from his or her parents.…
Q: This question is from the subject Introduction to Bioinformatics Define The Central Dogma in…
A: Francis Crick in 1958 proposed the concept of Central Dogma, Central Dogma is the process in which…
Q: या कोटावर तुमची समज काय आहे? हे रॉयच्या अनुकूलन मॉडेलशी कसे संबंधित आहे असे तुम्हाला वाटते?
A: Roy Adaptation Model states that the goal of nursing care is to promote patient adaptation.…
Q: Differentiate the lock-and-key model from the induced fit hypothesis
A: In biochemistry the enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and the substrate is a molecule upon which…
Q: Question: Why pseudoallelism occuring in organisms?
A: Pseudoallelism is a state in which two genes with similar functions are located so close to one…
Q: description of the 2 different types of sexual selection
A: Changes in some animal species male differ from female to the some species in their morphology.…
Q: TRUE or FALSE: I expect for genetically identical animals thta have been reared in similar…
A: Answer :- True. - It is true that genetically identical animals have been rared in similar…
Q: CANDY GENETICS: A college student studying genetics has hypothesized that avorite type of candy is a…
A: Genetics is a branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living…
Q: Contrast ST and NST in humans and non-human animals. Why does Marchand (or any other evidence)…
A: The process through which organisms produce heat is known as thermogenesis. It is found in all…
Q: Hair Coloring Experiment We test a new brand of red hair coloring (Red Hair Paint) on 6th grade…
A: A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category you are…
Q: Darwin and the Theory of Evolution-V2 So how and why did Charles Darwin come to develop his…
A: Charles Darwin gave the theory of natural selection. According to this theory the fittest organisms…
Q: Differentiate genetic variation from environmental variation. Are they necessarily mutually…
A: Introduction: Organisms living on earth show variation due to genetic or environmental effects. A…
Q: Alzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in…
A: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurological illness among the elderly. Short term…
Q: What is the molecular level of shingles? Break it down when explaining at least a paragraph. cite…
A: Shingles are viral infections caused by Varicella zoster. It is the same virus that is responsible…
Q: Briefly explain why Preformationism theory is incorrect
A: Preformation, pangenesis, inheritance of acquired characteristics, and germ plasm theory are the…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?The original source of new alleles, upon which selection operates,is mutation, a random event that occurs without regard to selectionalvalue in the organism. Although many model organismshave been used to study mutational events in populations, someinvestigators have developed abiotic molecular models. Soll et al.(2006. Genetics 175:267–275) examined one such model to studythe relationship between both deleterious and advantageousmutations and population size in a ligase molecule composed ofRNA (a ribozyme). Soll found that the smaller the population ofmolecules, the more likely it was that not only deleterious mutationsbut also advantageous mutations would disappear. Whywould population size influence the survival of both types ofmutations (deleterious and advantageous) in populations?The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage
- Natural selection tends to work toward genetic unity;the genotypes that are most fit produce the mostoffspring and increase the frequency of adaptive allelesin the population. Yet there remains a great deal ofvariability within the populations of species. Describethe factors that contribute to this genetic variability. Provide the link of referencesWhen artificial selection is practiced over many generations, it iscommon for the trait to reach a plateau in which further selectionhas little effect on the outcome of the trait. This phenomenon isillustrated as shown. Explain why it occurs.The ratio of nonsynonymous differences pernonsynonymous site, dN, to synonymous differences per synonymous site, dS, can be usedto test for positive selection Imagine that in a duplicate pair of loci, oneparalog is evolving neutrally while the other isevolving under strong positive selection. Whatspecific data are needed to detect that situationusing the dN/dS ratio, and what pattern do youexpect to see?
- Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in populations: (1) As long as the population size is finite,some level of genetic drift will occur; thus, withoutnew mutations, all variation will drift either to fixationor to loss. (2) Drift happens faster in small populationsthan in large populations. (3) The probability that anallele is fixed (goes to a frequency of 1.0) is equal toits initial frequency (p) in the population, while itsprobability of loss from the population due to drift isequal to 1 − p. Given these three predictions:a. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 100,000?b. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 10?c. In which population does the new mutation have ahigher probability of going to fixation by chancewith genetic drift?. A chicken breeder is working with a population in whichthe mean number of eggs laid per hen in one month is 28and the variance is 5 eggs2. The narrow-sense heritabilityis known to be 0.8. Given this information, can the breeder expect that the population will respond to selectionfor an increase in the number of eggs per hen in the nextgeneration?a. No, applying selection is always risky and a breedernever knows what to expect.b. No, a breeder needs to know the broad-senseheritability to know what to expect.c. Yes, since the narrow-sense heritability is close to1 (0.8), then we would expect selective breeding couldlead to increased egg production in the next generation.d. Yes, since the variance is greater than 0.e. Both c and d are correct.Inbreeding in a population causes a deviation fromHardy–Weinberg expectations such that there aremore homozygotes than expected. For a locus with arare deleterious allele at a frequency of 0.04, whatwould be the frequency of homozygotes for the deleterious allele in populations with inbreeding coefficientsof F = 0.0 and F = 0.125?
- Which of the following is an absolute necessity for Natural Selection to work on a population? Check all that apply O Variation in the alleles and the trait-forms they produce O Sexual selection for a certain trait-form O Differential survival and reproduction of varied trait-forms Heritability of phenotypes (trait-forms)Under idealized Hardy-Weinberg conditions, which of the following is FALSE? [1] O mutation rates will increase with each generation O no new alleles would be added to the population's gene pool O there will be no change in alelle frequencies in a population over time O the population is so large that random affects don't change allele frequencies all of these are trueWhich statements about 2oom in nonadaptive traits are true? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY) Nonadaptive traits make it less likely that an organism will survive in a particular environment Nonadaptive traits are difficult to pass from generation to generation Nonadaptive traits make it more likely that an organism will survive in a particular tions make eal world. ffect at all. environment Nonadaptive traits are easily passed from generation to generation Wolverine