For what range of values of the fraction f A of executed instructions of type A would the program execution time decrease?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Consider the following pseudo-code, assuming nested subroutines and static scoping: main () { } int g = 0; int x = 9; function B(int a) { int x = a + 5; R (1); } function A (int n) { g=n; } function R(int m) { print x; x = x / 2; if (x > 1) else R (m + 1); A (m); } // body of main B (3); print g; 1. What does the program print? 2. Draw a diagram of the runtime stack when function A has just been called. For each frame, show the static and dynamic links. 3. Refer to the runtime stack, briefly explain how function A finds variable g.

Question 1: Consider following scenario for a program running on two computers A and B.Computer AExecution time = 10 SClockRate = 2 GHzComputer BExecution time = 8SNo of clock cycles of B 1.1XNo of clock cycles of computer AFind out the clock rate for computer B?

Vidyadhar, Rodika, and Manoj write code for a system that requires 4 modules.  Each module takes an exponential amount of time to complete with mean 3.0 days.  Once a coder is finished with a module, he/she starts another, but only one coder can work on a module.  Let {X(t), t >=0} be the CTMC describing the number of modules remaining to code. Show the rate diagram for X Show the Q matrix

Question 20 Consider two different machines with two different instruction sets, both of which have a clock rate of 800 MHz. The following measurements are recorded on the two machines running a given set of benchmark programs. Instruction Type Machine A Arithmetic and logic Load and store Branch Others Machine B Arithmetic and logic Load and store Branch Others O 50 ms O 70 ms O 55.2 ms O 60 ms Instruction Count (millions) O None of them 8 4 2 4 10 8 2 4 Cycles per Instruction 1 3 4 With machine A, how long would it take to execute the program? 3 1 2 4 3

Consider two different implementations, M1 and M2, of the same instruction set. There arethree classes of instructions (A, B, and C) in the instruction set. M1 has a clock rate of 2.0GHz and M2has a clock rate of 2.5GHz. The average number of cycles for each instruction class and their frequencies(for a typical program) are as follows:Instruction Class M1-Cycles/InstructionClass M2 -Cycles/InstructionClasss FrequencyA 1 2 60%B 3 2 30%C 4 3 10%(a) Calculate the average CPI for each machine, M1, and M2.(b) Calculate the average MIPS ratings for each machine, M1 and M2.(c) Which machine has a smaller MIPS rating? Which individual instruction class CPI do you needto change, and by how much, to have this machine have the same or better performance as themachine with the higher MIPS rating (you can only change the CPI for one of the instructionclasses on the slower machine)?

Consider the following functions. For each function, discuss its instruction locality. Is there good locality or bad locality? Explain why. Be precise; consider both spatial and temporal locality.

Th e results of the SPEC CPU2006 bzip2 benchmark running on an AMD Barcelona has an instruction count of 2.389E12, an execution time of 750 s, and a reference time of 9650 s.> Find the CPI if the clock cycle time is 0.333 ns.> Find the SPECratio.> Find the increase in CPU time if the number of instructions of the benchmark is increased by 10% without aff ecting the CPI.> Find the increase in CPU time if the number of instructions of the benchmark is increased by 10% and the CPI is increased by 5%.> Find the change in the SPECratio for this change.> Suppose that we are developing a new version of the AMDBarcelona processor with a 4 GHz clock rate. We have added some additional instructions to the instruction set in such a way that the number of instructions has been reduced by 15%. Th e execution time is reduced to 700 s and the new SPECratio is 13.7. Find the new CPI.> This CPI value is larger than obtained in 1.11.1 as the clock rate was increased from 3 GHz to 4…

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