For the tetrapeptide KASE: a. Draw its complete protonic equilibria. Indicate the net charge of each form and encircle the zwitterionic form. b. Give the full name of the tetrapeptide. c. Calculate its IpH. d. If the tetrapeptide was subjected to electrophoresis using a buffer solution at pH 7, at which electrode it will migrate?
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- Hemoglobin glycation (so named to distinguish it from glycosylation, which is the enzymatic transfer of glucose to a protein) is a non-enzymatic process that involves reaction of the N-terminal amino group of hemoglobin and glucose. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (GHB) is usually about 5% of total hemoglobin (and corresponds to a blood glucose concentration of 120 mg/100 mL). However, in people with untreated diabetes this value may be as high as 13%, which indicates an average blood level of about 300 mg/100 mL -dangerously high. One of the aims of insulin therapy is to maintain GHB values of about 7%. Draw a possible chemical scheme for the glycation of hemoglobin.What is the effects of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?BIM-46187 is a protein inhibitor that binds to the a-subunit of the G. protein. It prevents the GDP/GTP exchange and prevents activity of the G protein. Which of the following would you expect to see lower levels of as a result? You can select more than or answer. S-S NH2 Mol. M: 795.11 Image: https://aobious.com/aobious/protein-inhibitors/1086-bim-46187.html Select one or more: O a. Cyclic AMP (CAMP) O b. Tyrosine kinase O . HSP O d. Adenylyl Cyclase (AC) O e. DAG O f. JAK O g. IP3
- An individual with an argininosuccinase deficiency is administered benzoate and arginine. This individual will have their nitrogen removed from the body as which of the following compounds? SELECT ALL ANSWERS THAT APPLY. ** This is NOT a multiple choice question! ** O. hippurate O II. phenylacetylglutamine O I. citrulline OV. carbamoyl phosphate Ov. argininosuccinate O VI. arginine OVI. fumarate O VII. benzoylglycineThe major enzyme that metabolizes caffeine is: о CYP1A2 0 CYP2B6 o CYP3A4 0 CYP2A6 о CYP2C9On the right is a diagram of plasma concentration of three metabolites: glucose, B- hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acid of an experimental animal over weeks of starvation. 4. (a) Label the lines with the names of the three metabolites. Yellow: Red: 10 20 30 40 Blue: Days of starvation (b) What factor in the plasma binds to and transports free fatty acid (c) Where was B-hydroxybutyrate produced? Why it is produced? What are the purposes of producing it (d) How B-hydroxybutyrate is used as fuel in extrahepatic cells? Write down the reactions, enzymes, and cofactors (No need to elaborate on the TCA cycle). (e) How many ATP molecules or equivalent are generated after complete oxidation of one molecule of B-hydroxybutyrate? Show your calculations. Hint: You need to consider ATP consumption for bypassed steps that may normally yield or consume AT Plasma concentration (mM)
- -Inhibitor +Inhibitor [S] (mM) Vη&νβσπ: (μmol/sec). ν0&νβσπ;&νβσπ:(μmol/sec) 0.0001 33 17 0.0005 71 50 0.001 83 67 0.005 96 91 0.01 98 95 What is the TYPE of iinhibitor?Define the following terms:a. SAMb. SAHc. THFd. homocysteinee. one-carbon metabolismFrom the three figures below, indicate which represents best the catalytic pocket of trypsin, a serine protease, secreted by acinar pancreatic cells. C) A) A. Figure A. B.Figure B. ⒸC. Figure C. Asp 189 B) Asp 189 Val 190 Val 216 work of Val 216 Val 190
- What is ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)deficiency ?In one type of hemoglobin mutant the amino acid change generates a strong ionic interaction stabilizing the T state conformation, but only under conditions of lower pH, e.g., at pH 7.2 compared to pH 7.6. Explain what effect this mutation would have on the amount of O2 delivered to the tissue. More O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in tissues. More O₂ delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in lungs. Less O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in lungs. Less O₂ delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in tissues. More O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the R state in tissues.Based on the following data, is the p50 higher or lower than normal in (a) hemoglobin Yakima and (b) hemoglobin Kansas? Explain. Name Yakima Kansas Mutation Asp G1 (99) ẞ → His Asn G4 (102) ß → Thr Effect Disrupts a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the T conformation Disrupts a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the R conformation