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- 3.15 The heating rate that a heat pump delivers to a living space of tempera- ture 20°C is 5 kW. The coefficient of performance of the heat pump is COP = 2. The temperature of the ambient is 0°C. (a) What is the electrical power required by the heat pump? (b) What is the rate at which the heat pump draws heat from the ambient? (c) What is the highest COP value that the heat pump may attain? (d) Is the operation of this heat pump violating the second law of thermodynamics?) Two boilers, one with superheater(B1) and other without superheater(B2) are delivering equal quantities of steam into a common main. The pressure in the boiler and main is 20 bars. The temperature of the steam from a boiler with a superheater is 350oC and temperature of the steam in the main is 250oC. The steam in B2 is wet steam at 20oC. i) Draw a sketch of the problem with all thermodynamic properties from steam table shown on the sketch. ii) Determine the quantity of steam supplied by the other boiler. Take the heat capacity of steam, Cps = 2.25KJ/Kg.hgas= hg + Cps (Tsap-Tsat)Q1. (Reading: Çengel and Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 8th Ed., Pages 307-311) The amount of energy waste by a refrigerator increases by a number of malpractices. For example; opening the refrigerator door frequently will increase energy waste as the warmer air outside replaces the cool air inside. It is also not recommended to place the hot foods into the refrigerator before cooling them to the room temperature. Imagine a typical household refrigerator with an internal temperature of 4 °C. The refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 1.4. The internal dimensions of this refrigerator are 186 cm (height) x 84 cm (width) x 75 cm (depth). The half of the refrigerator volume is used for storing food items. The air filling the other half of the refrigator volume contains 0.004 kg moisture/kg air on average. While the moisture content of the air in the kitchen is 0.01 kg/kg air, the temperature and pressure in the kitchen are 23°C and 97 kPa, respectively. Assuming…
- (d) A hydraulic actuator uses pistons of rectangular cross sectional area. The forcing piston dimensions’ equals to length= 4 cm and width = 5cm and the applied force equals to 200 N, what is the width of working piston that gives a working force equals to 3000 N as its length equal to 7 cm.Wind power is defined as the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the mechanical force to generate electricity. Wind power is an alternative to burning fossil fuels, and is renewable and produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. Modern horizontal-axis wind turbines often use three blades. Theoretically, the maximum power P (unit: watts) that a three-blade wind turbine can extract from the wind power can be calculated as: P = pAv³C₁. . (Equation 1) where p is the air density (kg/m³), A is the sweep area of the turbine (m²) and can be calculated from the length of the turbine blades, and v is the wind speed (m/s). Cp is the power coefficient that is unique to each turbine type. This coefficient represents the amount of kinetic energy from the wind that is captured by the turbine. From the Betz's limit law we know that the best power conversion possible is Cp,max = 0.59. Part 1 Given the following data: Blade length /= 50 m Air density p= 1.5 kg/m³ Power…Example 1.3 160 MW. Its annual load factor is 0.6. The coal consumption is 1 kg per kWh of energy A thermal power plant of 210 MW capacity has the maximum load of generated and the cost of coal is Rs 450.00 per tonne. Calculate (a) the annual revenue earned if energy is sold at Re 1 per kWh and (b) the capacity factor of the plant.
- Find the air-fuel ratio of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine with fuel consumptionatime for 10 cc is 20.4 s and ay ansumption time for 0.1 m3 is IS 3 Find also brabre bultfuel consumption in g/kW 4.3 3 brake thermal efficiency. Assıunhe the density of air as 1.175 kg/m³ &ck specific gravity of fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is 5000. (imm "he load is 17 kg at the of 3000 rpm.5. A 2000-KW diesel engine unit uses 1 US barrel (bbl) of oil per 525 kW-h produced. Oil is 25°API. Efficiency of generator is 93% and mechanical efficiency is 80%. The thermal efficiency based on indicated power is %.Solve the following completely. 1. In a boiler observation made were as follows: Rate of feed water per hour = 1,000 kg Temperature of feed water = 30°C Steam pressure = 10 bar Quality of steam = 0.9 Coal consumption rate per hour = 100 kg Calorific value of coal = 33,000 kJ/kg Mass of ash and unburnt coal= 10 kg/h Calorific value of ash and unburnt coal = 3,000 kJ/kg Quantity of flue gas/kg of coal = 20 kg %3D Discharged gas temperature = 300°C Atmospheric temperature = 20°C Specific heat of flue gas = 1.03 kJ/kg K Calculate: (i) Boiler efficiency. (ii) Percentage of heat loss in flue gas. (iii) Percentage of heat loss to ash and unburnt coal. (iv) Percentage of heat loss unaccounted for.
- A power cycle operating between two reservoirs receive energy Qh by heat transfer to a cold reservoirs at Th=2000k and rejects energy Qc by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at Tc=400k.For each of the following cases determine whether the cycle operates reversible, irreversible or impossible. SHOW all calculation procedure.( Hint:find maximum thermal efficiency and compare with each system thermal efficiency, system Thermal efficiency =wcycle/Qin) A)find maximum Thermal efficiency (%) of the system. B)Qh=50kj, Wcycle=850kj C)Qh=2000kj, Wcycle=400kj D)Wcycle=150kj, Qc=700kjThe expansion phase of a simplified diesel cycle is simulated by an air-filled piston-cylinder system, as shown in the figure. A servo-actuator attached to the piston controls the pressure. The air first undergoes a constant pressure expansion followed by a polytropic expansion (with n=1.4). The ratio of final specific volume to initial specific volume, rex, is rex = V3/v1. Initially (state 1) the temperature is T1 = 682 °C and the specific volume is v1 = Piston 0.04135 m/kg. Heat is transferred to the air during the constant pressure process, 192, and the air temperature increases to T2 = 2475 °C (state 2). During the polytropic expansion process the volume is increased to meet the design expansion ratio of rex = 20. Treat air as an ideal gas. a) Determine the initial pressure, P1. b) Determine the pressure and specific volume at state 2, P2 and v2, respectively. c) Determine the specific volume, V3, pressure, Ps, and temperature, T3, at the end of the polytropic expansion.3.9 Global warming is being discussed. One argument is that the efficiency of all power plants will decrease because the ambient temperature will increase. In this problem, you the reader are asked to determine whether this argument is correct or a false alarm. Imagine a power plant operat- ing in cycles between the temperatures TH ~ 1300 K and T Assume that during the next 50 years T will increase by AT ~1 K. Examine Fig. 8.3 and note that nu is on an average of order 0.5 and that during 50 years n increases by An ~ 0.1. Show analytically how the efficiency of a power plant (n, not N1) varies with AT, and A nu. In 50 years, will n be greater or smaller than today? 300 K. (T)o nd hiah pro ccure