For a CO molecule, the constant E is approximately 0.00024 eV. (This number is measured using microwave spectroscopy, that is, by measuring the microwave frequencies needed to excite the molecules into higher rotational states.) Calculate the rotational partition function for a CO molecule at room temperature (300 K), first using the exact formula  and then using the approximate formula

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Solidification of metals

The term solidification indicates the conversion of material from the state of liquid to the state of solid. The solid-state is more compact and rigid than liquid, and the solidification indicates the transformation of material from a random state to a more compact and crystalline form. The point at which dendrite formation in liquid starts taking place is referred to as the solidification point.