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Q: What are the Possible Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Substitution ?
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Q: Hi! Are these nucleophiles and electrophiles that I listed int hte image correct? Thanks, Shreya
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Q: Relate nucleophilic addition and electrophilic aromatic substitution in a life situation. Example.…
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Q: How can we determine whether the equilibrium will favor products in a nucleophilic substitution?
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Q: Define the General Features of Nucleophilic Substitution ?
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Q: What are the nucleophiles?
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Q: Write the ambident nucleophiles? Give an example.
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Q: Assuming nucleophilic substitution reactions will occur, which will produce racemic products?
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Q: When Nucleophilic addition occurs ?
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Q: Define nucleophilic aromatic substitution ?
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Q: Define features of nucleophilic addition ?
A: There are different types of organic reactions – Substitution reaction Addition reaction
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- The rate law for addition of Br2 to an alkene is first order in Br2 and first order in the alkene. Does this information suggest that the mechanism of addition of Br2 to an alkene proceeds in the same manner as for addition of HBr? Explain.The rate law for addition of Br2 to an alkenes is first order in Br2 and first order in the alkene. Does this information suggest that the mechanism of addition of Br2 to an alkene proceeds in the same matter as for addition of HBr? Explain.In a time-resolved picosecond spectroscopy experiment, Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim (Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, 2006; pp. 30873092) generated chlorine atoms in the presence of pentane. The pentane was dissolved in dichloromethane, CH2C12. The chlorine atoms are free radicals and are very reactive. After a nanosecond the chlorine atoms have reacted with pentane molecules, removing a hydrogen atom to form HCl and leaving behind a pentane radical with a single unpaired electron. The equation is Cl (dcm) + C5H12(dcm) HCl(dcm) + C5H11 (dcm) where (dcm) indicates that a substance is dissolved in dichloromethane. Measurements of the concentration of chlorine atoms were made as a function of time at three different concentrations of pentane in the dichloromethane. These results are shown in the table. (a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to chlorine. (b) Determine whether the reaction rate depends on the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane. If so, determine the order of the reaction with respect to pentane. (c) Explain why the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane does not affect the data analysis that you performed in part (a). (d) Write the rate law for the reaction and calculate the rate of reaction for a concentration of chlorine atoms equal to 1.0 M and a pentane concentration of 0.23 M. (e) Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim found that the rate of formation of HCl matched the rate of disappearance of Cl. From this they concluded that there were no intermediates and side reactions were not important. Explain the basis for this conclusion.
- 3. Why did breaking the P-C single bond lead to the formation of 2 species containing a free radical (ie. where did those 2 electrons come from)? 4. Do you think the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone would require a shorter or longer wavelength of light to create a free radical? Explain your answer using the table provided in question #2 (be specific). The structure of 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone is shown below. CH3 Figure 5: Structure of 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone. The wavy line shows OH the bond that is photo-sensitive (ie. the bond that will be broken by light). (Taken from Tehfe et al. 2013, http://www.mdpi.com/2076- 3417/3/2/490/htm) ČH3 5. Why is the PEGDA monomer soluble in water, but the polymer is not? In other words, why do you think forming a large molecule would lead to the formation of a solid? (Hint: think about the movement of molecules in a liquid vs solid phase). 6. Thinking about the octet rule, why do you think many free radicals are very…What are some real life examples of electrophile and nucleophile.4 Why would the chemical equation 1 B2(CO3)3 →1 B2O3+3 CO2 be considered “wrong”?
- 2-chloropropane is a major product of the reaction of chlorine with propane under ultraviolet light. Write the mechanism for this reaction including the initiation step and the two propagation steps.Identify Electrophile & Nucleophile and know the difference How to identify them in a chemical reactionA certain hydrocarbon had the molecular formula C18H30 and contained two triple bonds. Ozonolysis gave CH₂(CH₂)CO₂H and HO₂CCH₂CH₂CO₂H as the only products. Draw a reasonable structure for this hydrocarbon. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.
- Synthesize this molecule by using the principles of radical reactions, substitution, addition, and elimination reactions.Start with ethyne.Explosions occur when the rate of reaction increases dramatically over a short period of time. There are several types of explosions such as autocatalytic explosions, thermal explosions and branched chain explosions. c. State two (2) ways to prevent the occurrence of radical chain explosion in chemical laboratory.Describe the difference between a base and a nucleophile (20 words or less). Show and label an example of a base and a nucleophile