Kyma Inc. currently has zero debt. It is a zero growth company, and it has the data shown below. Now the company is considering using some debt, moving to the new debt/assets ratio indicated below. The money raised would be used to repurchase stock at the current price. It is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the additional leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise somewhat, as indicated below. If this plan were carried out, by how much would the WACC change, i.e., what is WACCold - WACCNew? New Debt/Assets 35% Orig. cost of equity, rs 10.0% New Equity/Assets 65% New cost of equity = rs 11.0% Interest rate new = rd 7.0% Tax rate 40.0% O1.72% O2.06% 1.38% 1.04%
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- Gator Fabrics Inc. currently has zero debt (i.e., wd = 0). It is a zero growth company, and additional firm data are shown below. Now the company is considering using some debt, moving to the new capital structure indicated below. The money raised would be used to repurchase stock at the current price. It is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the additional leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise somewhat, as indicated below. If this plan were carried out, by how much would the WACC change, i.e., what is WACCOld − WACCNew?Diol Athletics is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only debt and common equity. The firm does not currently use preferred stock in its capital structure, and it does not plan to do so in the future. To estimate how much its debt would cost at different debt levels, the company’s treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers and, on the basis of those discussions, has created the following table: Structure Market Debt-to-Value Ratio (Wd) Market Equity-to-Value Ratio (Ws) Bond Rating Pre-tax Cost of Debt (rd) A 0.0 1.0 AA 9.0% B 0.2 0.8 BBB 10.5% C 0.5 0.5 BB 11.6% D 0.6 0.4 C 12.7% E 0.75 0.25 D 14.0% Diol uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, rs. The company estimates that the risk-free rate is 7%; the market risk is 13%, and the company’s tax rate is 20%. Diol estimates that if it had no debt, its “unlevered” beta, bU, would be 1.3. What is the…Taggart Technologies is considering issuing new common stock and using the proceeds to reduce its outstanding debt. The stock issue would have no effect on total assets, the interest rate Taggart pays, EBIT, or the tax rate. Which of the following is likely to occur if the company goes ahead with the stock issue? a. The times-interest-earned ratio will decrease. b. Net income will decrease. c. Taxable income will decline. d. The ROA will decline. e. The tax bill will increase.
- High Adventure is considering a new project that is similar in risk to the firm's current operations. Thefirm maintains a debt-equity ratio of .55 and retains all profits to fund the firm's rapid growth. Howshould the firm determine its cost of equity?Select one:a. By averaging the costs based on the dividend growth model and the capital asset pricing model.b. By adding the market risk premium to the after tax cost of debt.c. By using the dividend growth model.d. By using the capital asset pricing model.e. By multiplying the market risk premium by 1.55Samuel Inc., hired you as a consultant to help estimate its cost of capital. You have obtained the following data: D0 = $0.85; P0 = $22.00; and g = 6.00% (constant). The CEO thinks, however, that the stock price is temporarily depressed, and that it will soon rise to $34.00. Based on the DCF approach, by how much would the cost of equity from retained earnings change if the stock price changes as the CEO expects? Do not round your intermediate calculations.Wyden Brothers uses the CAPM to calculate the cost of equity capital. The company’s capital structure consists of common stock, preferred stock, and debt. Which of the following events will reduce the company’s WACC? a) A reduction in the market risk premium. b) An increase in the risk-free interest rate. c) An increase in the beta of the company’s stock. d) An increase in expected inflation. e) An increase in the flotation costs associated with issuing preferred stock.
- The Rivoli Company has no debt outstanding, and its financial position is given by the following data: What is Rivoli’s intrinsic value of operations (i.e., its unlevered value)? What is its intrinsic stock price? Its earnings per share? Rivoli is considering selling bonds and simultaneously repurchasing some of its stock. If it moves to a capital structure with 30% debt based on market values, its cost of equity, rs, will increase to 12% to reflect the increased risk. Bonds can be sold at a cost, rd, of 7%. Based on the new capital structure, what is the new weighted average cost of capital? What is the levered value of the firm? What is the amount of debt? Based on the new capital structure, what is the new stock price? What is the remaining number of shares? What is the new earnings per share?David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: d. Suppose that Firms U and L have the same input values as in Part c except for debt of 980,000. Also, both firms have total net operating capital of 2,000,000 and both firms are expected to grow at a constant rate of 7%. (Assume that the EBIT in part c is expected at t = 1.) Use the compressed adjusted present value (APV) model to estimate the value of U and L. Also estimate the levered cost of equity and the weighted average cost of capital.
- XYZ Fried Chicken is trying to determine its WACC at the optimal capital structure. The firm now has only debt and equity, and estimates that it will continue to use only debt and equity in the future also. It has determined that the optimal capital structure is given by a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.5. At this ratio, its pre-tax cost of debt is 6%. It has estimated that if it had no debt, then its beta would be 1.2. Assume the risk-free rate is 2% and the market risk premium is 8%. Assume the firm? ’s tax rate is 40%. Based on this information, what is the WACC at the optimal capital structure?Suppose the profitable company, Hermes, Inc., previously calculated its external financing needs (EFN) to be $18,200,000. What will happen to the EFN if management now decides to decrease the dividend payout ratio from 35.00% to 25.00%? (1) It will increase to some value greater than $18,200,000. (2) It will fall to some value lower than $18,200,000. (3) It will remain at $18,200,000. (4) The answer depends on Hermes, Inc.’s growth rate in sales. (5) The answer depends on Hermes, Inc.’s profit margin.Burnham Brothers Inc. has no retained earnings since it has always paid out all of its earnings as dividends. This same situation is expected to persist in the future. The company uses the CAPM to calculate its cost of equity, and its target capital structure consists of common stock, preferred stock, and debt. Which of the following events would REDUCE its WACC? The market risk premium declines. The flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock increase. The company's beta increases. Expected inflation increases. The flotation costs associated with issuing preferred stock increase.