FIGURE 18-13 Frequency of genetic disorders among children of unrelated parents (blue columns) compared to that of children of parents who are first cousins (red columns). [Data from C. Stern, Principles of Human Genetics, W. H. Freeman, 1973.] Inbreeding leads to an increase in recessive genetic disorders 18 16 14 12 10 United States France Sweden Japan Average probability that the second allele we pick will be exactly the same copy is 1/2N and the inbreeding coefficient for this individual is 1.0. The probability that the second allele we pick will be a different copy from the first allele is 1 – 1/2N and the level of inbreeding for the resulting individual would be F, the average inbreeding coefficient for the initial population at generation t. The level of inbreeding in the next generation is the sum of these two possible outcomes or Frequency of disorders (%)

FIGURE 18-13 Frequency of genetic disorders among children of unrelated parents (blue columns) compared to that of children of parents who are first cousins (red columns). [Data from C. Stern, Principles of Human Genetics, W. H. Freeman, 1973.] Inbreeding leads to an increase in recessive genetic disorders 18 16 14 12 10 United States France Sweden Japan Average probability that the second allele we pick will be exactly the same copy is 1/2N and the inbreeding coefficient for this individual is 1.0. The probability that the second allele we pick will be a different copy from the first allele is 1 – 1/2N and the level of inbreeding for the resulting individual would be F, the average inbreeding coefficient for the initial population at generation t. The level of inbreeding in the next generation is the sum of these two possible outcomes or Frequency of disorders (%)

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Introduction To Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9CT

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n a container/tub, place 50 pieces ofred paper, 50 pieces of pink paper, and50 pieces of white paper. Let usassume that each color is thephenotypic expression of thegenotypes homozygous dominant AA(red), heterozygous Aa (pink), andhomozygous recessive aa (white).Without looking, randomly pick 20 pieces of paper from your container/tub and assumethat those individuals died upon picking, thus will be removed from your population. a. If you are a picky eater and prefer the white only, what do you think will happen in the genotypic frequency and allelic frequencies of the red, pink and white pieces of papers?
. Tay-Sachs disease is a rare human disease in which toxic substances accumulate in nerve cells. The recessiveallele responsible for the disease is inherited in a simpleMendelian manner. For unknown reasons, the allele ismore common in populations of Ashkenazi Jews ofeastern Europe. A woman is planning to marry her firstcousin, but the couple discovers that their sharedgrandfather’s sister died in infancy of Tay-Sachsdisease.a. Draw the relevant parts of the pedigree, and showall the genotypes as completely as possible.b. What is the probability that the cousins’ first childwill have Tay-Sachs disease, assuming that all peoplewho marry into the family are homozygous normal?
This lab exercise requires that we count certain Mendelian traits among students present in the lab. Your professor will explain each trait being addressed and will then ask students to identify if they are dominant or recessive for that specific trait. The collected traits will then be plugged into the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium formula in order to calculate frequency of Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive individuals in the same. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 100 given data: trait: hair swirl 19 individuals total. 10 had the homozygous dominant hair swirl trait: clockwise the nine other were recessive please do a step by step explanation with the calculation using this data, as I am very unfamiliar with what values mean what and the equation itself thank you!
Midphalangeal hair (hair on top of the middlesegment of the fingers) is a common phenotypecaused by a dominant allele M. Homozygotes forthe recessive allele (mm) lack hair on the middlesegment of their fingers. Among 1000 families inwhich both parents had midphalangeal hair, 1853children showed the trait while 209 children did not.Explain this result
Albinism is a recessive trait in humans. A geneticist studies families in which both parents are normal and at least one child has albinism. The geneticist reasons that both parents in these families must be heterozygous and the albinism should appear in 1⁄4 of the children of these families. To his surprise, the geneticist finds the frequency of albinism trait is quite high. As a consultant, can you suggest an explanation for the higher expected frequency of albinisms in these families?
In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited Earthlike planet in the Andromeda galaxy. All ten of the original colonists had widow's peaks (a hairline trait), and four were heterozygous for that trait. Hairline with Widow's peak OOOO The allele for straight hairline (w) is recessive to the allele for widow's peak (W). That means that the allele frequencies in the original population are W = 0.9 and w = 0.1 W = 0.6 and w = 0.4 W = 0.8 and w = 0.2 Straight hairline ED W = 0.16 and w = 0.04
While stuck at home in quarantine, several Bi213 students decide to conduct an experiment using their beloved cats. These students learn that a fictional gene "H" correlates with how happy their pets are to have their owners at home more frequently than usual. Cats that are homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh) are very happy to see their owners 24/7. While cats that are homozygous recessive (hh) are starting to miss having the house to themselves. The students collaborate with their professors to genotype the H allele in their cats by sequencing their DNA. They obtain the following data: 8 HH cats, 21 Hh cats, and 84 hh cats. The table below may be helpful. (Observed - Eaреcted)? Σ Еaрected Genotype (О— Е) (0 – E)² (0 – E)²/E Observed Еxpеcted E HH Hh hh x² = %3D df = p = Conduct a chi-square test to determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Enter your chi-square with 2 decimals in the box below.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorderthat occurs relatively frequently among people ofEuropean descent. In an Amish community in Ohio,medical researchers reported the occurrence of cysticfibrosis (CF) as being 1/569 live births. Using theHardy–Weinberg rule, estimate the frequency of carriers of the disease allele in this Amish population.
To understand this research, you must be familiar with some basic genetic terminology. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used. dominant allele phenotype The possession of two different alleles of a particular gene is referred to as Reset Help A variation in a DNA sequence at one particular position is called a heterozygosity genotype recessive allele homozygosity single nucleotide polymorphism The appearance of the organism, its observable traits, are referred to as the A variant of a gene for which an individual must be homozygous in order for it to influence the appearance of the organism is a The set of alleles an organism has for a particular trait is the organism's Submit Request Answer
A population of water snakes is found on an island in Lake Erie. Someof the snakes are banded and some are unbanded; banding is caused byan autosomal allele that is recessive to an allele for no bands. Thefrequency of banded snakes on the island is 0.4, whereas the frequencyof banded snakes on the mainland is 0.81. One summer, a large numberof snakes migrate from the mainland to the island. After this migration,20% of the island population consists of snakes that came from themainland.a. If both the mainland population and the island population are assumedto be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the alleles that affect banding,what is the frequency of the allele for bands on the island and on themainland before migration?b. After migration has taken place, what is the frequency of the allele forthe banded phenotype on the island?
Of 31 children born of father–daughter matings, 6 diedin infancy, 12 were very abnormal and died in childhood, and 13 were normal. From this information, calculate roughly how many recessive lethal genes we have,on average, in our human genomes. (Hint: If the answerwere 1, then a daughter would stand a 50 percent chanceof carrying the lethal allele, and the probability of theunion’s producing a lethal combination would be 1/2 ×1/4 = 1/8. So 1 is not the answer.) Consider also the possibility of undetected fatalities in utero in such matings.How would they affect your result?
In chickens, comb shape is determined by alleles at two loci (R, r and P,p). A walnut comb is produced when at least one dominant allele R ispresent at one locus and at least one dominant allele P is present at asecond locus (genotype R_ P_). A rose comb is produced when at leastone dominant allele is present at the first locus and two recessive allelesare present at the second locus (genotype R_ pp). A pea comb isproduced when two recessive alleles are present at the first locus and atleast one dominant allele is present at the second (genotype rr P_). Iftwo recessive alleles are present at the first and at the second locus (rrpp), a single comb is produced. Progeny with what types of combs andin what proportions will result from the following crosses? a. RR PP × rr pp b. Rr Pp × rr pp c. Rr Pp × Rr Pp d. Rr pp × Rr pp e. Rr pp × rr Pp f. Rr pp × rr pp