Explain what is happening in this photo in terms of kineticenergy and potential energy. Include the energy conversionsthat occur when the penguins eat fish and climb back upon the glacier. Describe the role of ATP and enzymes in theunderlying molecular processes, including what happens tothe free energy of some of the molecules involved.

A thermodynamically spontaneous reaction O A. happens quickly, with no addition of energy to the system O"happens quickly whether or not there is an addition of energy to the system В. has the capacity to happen but might not happen quickly has the capacity to happen but only in the presence of a catalyst

Which of the compounds shown below exhibit a high negative free energy of hydrolysis equal to or larger than the free energy of hydrolysis for the phosphoanhydride of ATP? (Choose all that apply) В Α HPΗ Ho HO HO H2N-CH-C CH2 H2N-CH-C CH2 CH2 H2N-CH-Ö CH2 C CH2 D E O A O B O E O=p-00 O=p-00 O=-00 O=0-00 O=L-00

uce the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds slower at temperatures below 132. °C. AH is (pick one) AS is (pick one) His (pick one) B This reaction is endothermic. AS is (pick one) This reaction is spontaneous except below 110. °C but proceeds at a slower rate below 135. °C. AH IS (pick one) AS is (pick one)v

When ATP is formed: A Entropy occurs B Kinetic energy is being transformed into potential energy An endergonic reaction is taking place D All of these

NaCl (s) -> NaCI (aq) is accompanied by an increase in entropy because [Select] [Select] a solute was dissolved in water, forming a solution the number of products is greater than the number of reactants the phase change from vaporization is towards a higher internal energy

Which of the following statements about AG is correct? O A. It depends on whether the cell is doing cellular respiration It is less than 0 for fast reactions В. It is always less than 0 for spontaneous reactions It can be found only if you know the equilibrium constant and the prevailing concentrations of products and reactants

Like many fruits, apples contain not only fructose and glucose, but also sucrose, a dimerof fructose and glucose. Synthesizing sucrose is endergonic and so not spontaneous. Onerole of ATP is to facilitate reactions that would not occur spontaneously. The threephosphate groups are electron rich and tend to repel each other. Therefore, ATP is a bitlike a compressed spring, ready to kick off one phosphate group releasing energy.Consider: Fructose + glucose --> Sucrose delta G= 6.4 kcal/mol ATP --> ADP + Pi delta G= -7.3 kcal/mol a. Draw a simple energy diagram (including the relative energy of the reactants andproducts) that shows why the sucrose synthesis reaction doesn’t occur spontaneously. b. How could having these two reactions occur at the same time help with sucroseproduction? c. Draw the energy diagram that shows all the reactants and products for the combinedreactions. d. What is delta G for the combined reactions? e. Name a few of the biological processes in the body that…

Consider the following free energy diagram for an uncatalyzed and enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Select all the statements that are true. Without enzyme With enzyme A+B Time AB Oa. The reaction is now spontaneous due to the addition of enzyme b. The rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction is faster than the uncatalyzed reaction O C. The reaction is exergonic O d. The change in free energy for the reaction is greater in the catalyzed reaction, compared to the uncatalyzed reaction e. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state for the reaction Released Energy pes

Describe the factors that control Gibb's free energy change. What does the Gibb's free energy change tell you about a reaction in terms of being spontaneous or nonspontaneous? How does this relate to energy for the cellI? -Describe Vmax and Km in terms of enzyme and substrate.