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Relating to bioenergetics:
a. The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is 6.8 x 10-5 which makes this reaction exergonic. True or False?
b. All processes that occur in the universe are spontaneous and have low enough activation energies that molecules can often overcome the energy barrier. True or False?
c. ATP has a highly negative free energy change in part because the negative charges on the oxygens repel each other in ATP but less so in ADP. True or False?
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- Relating to bioenergics: d. The free energy change for a reaction does not depend on the concentrations of substrates and products. True or False?e. All processes in animal cells are at equilibrium. True or False?f. All pathways that occur in the cell are overall exergonic. True or False?A. Will decreasing the amount of energy needed to make an exergonic reaction occur cause the reaction to be more exergonic? Why or why not? B. Will such an energetic alteration change the rate of the reaction? Why or why notPlease help with hw :} ATP is the energy currency of the cell.a. What about the structure of ATP makes it effective at storing free energy? b. Define what is meant by an endergonic or exergonic reaction. c. Explain how ATP can facilitate chemical reactions in the cell, using the terms endergonic and exergonic d. An enzyme is a biological catalyst. Explain what that means in terms of chemical reactions, including a discussion of transition states. e. Do enzymes affect the overall free energy change of a reaction? Explain.
- Coupled reactionsa. are endergonic overall.b. both synthesize and break down ATP.c. are catalyzed by the same enzyme.d. end with reactants that contain more energy than theirproducts.Determine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is - 30.5 kJ/mol. fructose + ATP fructose 6-phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6-phosphate is -15.9 kJ/mol. 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is -49.3 kJ/mol. creatine + ATP creatine phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is -43.0 kJ/mol.Explain the importance of energy and entropy for living cells. State the role of enzymes in controlling metabolic biochemistry. Describe how catabolism converts many complex food molecules to a few kinds of catabolites. Explain how catabolism yields energy and how the energy is stored for use. Describe how the energy carriers ATP and NADH transfer energy between energy-yielding and energy-spending reactions. Describe how sugar is catabolized to pyruvate via glycolysis, along with production of ATP and NADH. Explain how pyruvate can be further TCA cycle (when oxygen is available). polized by fermentation or by the Explain how bacterial catabolic reactions are used in clinical tests to identify a pathogen. Define and explain the importance of nitrogen fixation
- The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative ΔG'°; nevertheless it is stable in solution due to: a. entropy stabilization. b. ionization of the phosphates. c. resonance stabilization. d. the hydrolysis reaction being endergonic. e. the hydrolysis reaction having a large activation energy.Consider the following free energy diagram for an uncatalyzed and enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Select all the statements that are true. Without enzyme With enzyme A+B Time AB Oa. The reaction is now spontaneous due to the addition of enzyme b. The rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction is faster than the uncatalyzed reaction O C. The reaction is exergonic O d. The change in free energy for the reaction is greater in the catalyzed reaction, compared to the uncatalyzed reaction e. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state for the reaction Released Energy pesThe complex chemical reactions that occur in living organisms can sometimes be summarized with chemical equations. The overall process of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration can both be summarized in this way. For the following equations, first determine whether each is summarizing photosynthesis or aerobic respiration, and then click on each of the boxes below the equations and correctly label all of the reactants and products. The following equation summarizes the reactants and products of A. aerobic respiration B. Photosynthesis
- a. Draw the ATP cycle, Label ATP, ADP + P, energy in from photosynthesis/respiration, energy out for work b. Draw a rough sketch of an ATP and label the phosphates, the sugar and the base. Guide Questions: 1 What is the importance of the formation of ATP? 2. How does the ATP-ADP cycle provide energy for the cell? 3 Why is the ATP-ADP cycle important to living things?● ● Explain the importance of energy and entropy for living cells. State the role of enzymes in controlling metabolic biochemistry. Describe how catabolism converts many complex food molecules to a few kinds of catabolites. Explain how catabolism yields energy and how the energy is stored for use. Describe how the energy carriers ATP and NADH transfer energy between energy-yielding and energy-spending reactions. Describe how sugar is catabolized to pyruvate via glycolysis, along with production of ATP and NADH. Explain how pyruvate can be further TCA cycle (when oxygen is available). polized by fermentation or by the Explain how bacterial catabolic reactions are used in clinical tests to identify a pathogen. Define and explain the importance of nitrogen fixationa.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.