Explain the difference between short term mechanisms for preventing acid-base imbalances in the body and the long-term mechanisms? Please include a specific example for each
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- What provides the shortest-term mechanism for preventing acid-base imbalances in the body? The longest-term mechanism?Metabolic alkalosis refers to a process whereupon decreased hydrogen ion, or increased bicarbonate, concentrations occur in the body, and the blood pH becomes too basic. Answer the following questions: How does the body regain its acid-base equilibria/balance? What happens when that balance does not happen? Will a buffer system still work under these conditions?Describe the process through which hippuric acid is formed in the body. Please explain the relevance.
- given the pCO2 and pH of systemic arterial blood, be able to identify the type of acid-base imbalance (respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis). After identifying the type of acid-base imbalance, be able to determine what type of compensation will occur to restore pHDescribe the effect of alterations of key molecular substances such as hydrogen, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, proteins, O2, CO2, HCO3 and glucose on fluid shifts and other body processes, including acid/base balance.During the treatment for COVID-19, one complication includes an increase of CO2 in the lungs. This buildup of CO2 can result in a serious condition called respiratory acidosis if the level of H+ significantly changes. If the pH drops by 1 unit, what has happened to the H+ concentration?
- Explain how the body addresses the buffering issue during vigorous exercise. Hint: Start at cellular level with relevant biochemical events. Be precise and Include reference used.Give an example of respiratory alkalosis and one of metabolicacidosis. In each case, explain how your example illustrates thattype of acid–base disturbance.Present the rationale for clinical applications of renin-angiotensin inhibitors. What are the major side effects?
- Discuss thoroughly the renal regulation of acid-base balance in the body with the illustration of conservation of bicarbonate ion in the kidney.What is the difference between a complete compensation, a partial compensation and uncompensated acid-base imbalance?Three systems of the body help regulate acid/base balance - buffer system, respiratory system and renal system. Describe the renal response in a person experiencing metabolic alkalosis due to severe vomiting. Provide the general formula for pH control in acid/base regulation.