explain how the concentration of the N protein helps regulate the transcription of mRNA and full length + strand RNA for VSV and influenza virus .

A. Describe in complete sentences how the requirement of a PAM sequence affects the flexibility of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.

Q. Deletion of a single AT base pair from codon number 4 can cause a frameshift mutation in a protein-coding gene. Which of the following additional mutations will restore the reading frame back to “normal” such that the original stop codon will still function? (Note that the amino acid sequence will not necessarily be restored back to normal). Adding a base pair into each of the next two codons. Adding a GC base pair back in where the AT pair was deleted. Adding one base to the next codon and deleting one base from the one after that. Deleting a base pair from each of the next two codons.   A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

Recognize the impact of DNA mutations.   Summarize the process of genetic translation.

In SDS-PAGE. What chemical is used to ensure that all protein molecules are coated with a negative charge? IPTG. β-mercaptoethanol. X-Gal. SDS.

. Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which bacteria can transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

– Describe the events involved in initiation, using the terms: mRNA, 30S, 50S, 70S, f-Met tRNA, Shine- Delgarno, intiation factors

Discuss promoter clearance

Q2. Do miRNA and siRNA both derive from the same source? Explain. A2.

Briefly describe how the Nucleocapsid protein of rabies virus promotes the switch from transcription to viral genomic replication.