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Explain how proteins are targeted to the ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.
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- Q: It has been found that some compounds, such as fungal toxins and some antibiotics, can inhibit the activity of RNA polymerase. What process is disturbed in the cell in the case of inhibition of this enzyme? a) replication b) transcription c) translation d) processing e) reparation3738: The lungs are composed of tiny sacs that fill with air during breathing process. How does this tissue help the lungs do its function? It allows the lungs to produce more blood. It allows muscles to open and close them. It allows air to contact a large surface. It allows the lung to pump the air. :)In response to critically low nutrient levels, yeast cells often enter into a dormant, non-dividing state. This state allows yeast cells to survive until nutrient levels are restored, at which point the cells typically re-enter the cell cycle. Based on the information above, critically low nutrient levels caused yeast cells to ________. transition to meiosis transition to G1 phase to G0 phase transition from G0 phase to G1 phase transition to mitosisExplain why E is the correct choice. In eukaryotes, after the ribosomes complete a synthesis, one might expect a) a new protein molecule to appear inside the ER b) a protein to insert into the cell membrane, c) and increase in the amount of enzyme in the cell organelles, d) the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of protein structure would form inside the ER. e) All are possible.
- Protein structure and function: a) Name two common post-translational modifications of proteins in the cell that will affect their structure/function. b) What are prions? Briefly describe their structure and function. C) Explain the principles of protein folding and significance of urea and Bmercaptoethanol in the experimental procedures addressing this question.:) Choose the statement that correctly explains how an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis can be selective. A) Antibiotics bind to the 70S bacterial ribosomes but not to the 80S eukaryotic und al ribosomes. New Hod B) Eukaryotic cells are impermeable to these antibiotics so the antibiotics cannot enter them. 2) 13) 3) 4) C) Eukaryotic cells inactivate these antibiotics. D) Antibiotics prevent the synthesis of bacterial tRNAs but not eukaryotic tRNAs. Infection occurs when A) a person swallows microbes in/on food B) contaminants are present on the skin C) pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues D) a person inhales microbes in the air E) All of the choices are correct. niopmolds bas onszentr anotostat luniy (8 moitetai neosolong ( moitostai legat (C exoitootmi ovilegon-mang (3 Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all A) target the cell wall B) have an expanded spectrum of activity C) have resistance to the action of penicillinase server ingrat at egub…Which of the following are the common features for both adenylate cyclase and guanylyl cyclase? a) Both enzymes are integral membrane proteins b) The products produced by both enzymes acts as a second messenger c) Both a and b d) Neither a or b
- LDL is a metabolite of VLDL. Under normal physiological conditions, LDL that is internalized by a cell: A) is hydrolyzed in endocytic vesicles to release amino acids and lipids. B) is hydrolyzed in lysosomes to release amino acids and lipids. OC) is recycled back to the cell surface to be released. OD) is converted into VLDL in the cell.In eukaryotes, fatty acids are stored as triglycerides in cells that have: A) Golgi that store glucose, B) too little ATP, C) lysosomes that make glycogen, D) liposomes that contain an enzyme that performs dehydration synthesis to form triglycerides, E) mRNA that makes amino acids into fat.In a lysosomal storage disease, newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes. From the list below, what is the most likely reason? Please EXPLAIN. a) The cis-Golgi network lacks a proton gradient b) The ER is unable to produce lysosomal vesicles c) Lysosomal enzymes are not phosphorylated in the rER d) Mannose is not phosphorylated in the cis-Goligi network e) All the hydrolase genes are mutated, resulting in synthesis by ribosomes free in the cytoplasm rather than on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
- 39)Start and stop signal sequences on a newly translated protein A) Tell the ribosomes when to move to the nucleus B) Help position it within the ER membrane correctly C) Indicate where glycosylation should occur D) Are important for protein modifications in the smooth ER E) Are added in the golgi apparatusThe process by which messenger RNA codes for the synthesis of a specific protein is called: a) replication b) transcription c) translation d) gene regulation Which statement is true about prokaryotes? A) they have no chromosomes b) they have chromosomes, but they are not membrane bound c) they have membrane bound chromosomes d) their chromosomes are made of RNA rather than DNA In a eukaryotic cell, most ATP is made in which location? A) nucleus b) mitochondria C) cytoplasm d) golgi apparatusWhich is true of Prokaryote cells? A) Because their DNA exists in a nucleoid area, the synthesis of proteins depends on random interactions between mRNA and rRNA, B) They contain membrane-bounded compartments or organelles. C) A true nucleus contains the DNA in the form of chromosomes D) Some contain mitochondria E) They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm