Explain how each of the following developments would affect the supply of money , the demand for money, and the interest rate . Illustrate your answers with diagrams a)The Fed’s bond traders buy bonds in open-market operations. b) An increase in credit-card availability reduces the amount of cash people want to hold. c)The Federal Reserve reduces bank’s reserve requirements d) Households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping e) A wave of optimism boosts business investment and expands aggregate demand.

Changes in the money supply The following graph represents the money market for some hypothetical economy. This economy is similar to the United States in the sense that it ha a central bank called the Fed, but a major difference is that this economy is closed (and therefore does not have any interaction with other world economies). The money market is currently in equilibrium at an interest rate of 4% and a quantity of money equal to $0.4 trillion, designated on the graph by the grey star symbol. INTEREST RATE (Percent) 6.0 5.5 5.0 45 4.0 35 3.0 25 20 0 Money Demand 0.1 Money Supply 0.2 03 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 MONEY (Trillions of dollars) 08 4 New MS Curve New Equilibrium Ⓒ image 1 Suppose the Fed announces that it is lowering its target interest rate by 75 basis points, or 0.75 percentage points. To do this, the Fed will use open- market operations to the money by the public. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the previous graph to illustrate the effects of this policy by placing the…

Suppose the Federal Reserve has set the money supply at $4 million. The table below shows the interest rate and total demand for money. Interest Rate Demand (in millions) 20% $1 15 2 10 3 5 4 0 5   What is the equilibrium interest rate?   Multiple Choice   0 percent   20 percent   10 percent   5 percent

Draw diagrams illustrating the impact on the demand for money, the supply of money and the equilibrium interest rate, of each of the following. Explain what is going on in the money market in each case. (a) The central bank sells securities on the open market. (b) The economy grows (GDP increases) but the central bank moves to keep interest rates constant.

Suppose the Federal Reserve conducts an open market purchase from a bank for $300 million. Assuming the required reserve ratio is 10%, what would be the effect on the money supply in each of the following situations? If there are many banks, all of which make loans for the full amount of their excess reserves, the money supply will increase by $ million. (Enter your response as a whole number.)

Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $200. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. Reserve Requirement Simple Money Multiplier Money Supply (Percent) (Dollars) 25           10

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Which of the following is the most accurate description of events when monetary authorities increase the size of commercial banks' excess reserves? Select one: a. The money supply is decreased, which increases the interest rate, and causes investment spending, output, and employment to decrease b. The money supply is increased, which decreases the interest rate, and causes investment spending, output, and employment to increase c. A rise in interest rates increases the money supply, causing a decrease in investment spending, output, and employment d. A fall in interest rates decreases the money supply, causing an increase in investment spending, output, and employment

The following diagram shows the Money Market for a hypothetical economy. Suppose that the economy begins with a Money Supply (Ms) of $300 million, and an equilibrium interest rate of 5.0%. Finally suppose that the required reserve ratio (rr) is 15%. Use the scenario to answer Questions 10 to 13. Interest rates (i) 5.5% 5% 4.5% Ms O increase the money supply $10 million O increase the money supply $100 million O decrease the money supply $300 million O decrease the money supply $200 million O decrease the money supply $100 million $200 $300 $350 Mp Quantity of Money (millions) Suppose that the Central Bank wished to raise the equilibrium interest rate up to 5.5%. In order to achieve this, it would need I to

Federal funds are A) created as banks to lend out money. B) any funds printed by the federal government. C)private bank deposits at the Federal Reserve (Fed). C) Fed deposits at private banks. D) government agency deposits at the Fed.