Explain at the molecular level how brown adipose tissue (brown fat) produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis.

place the following mechanisms to generate ATP in order from least to most generated per glucose molecule: aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration fermentation

Explain what are the main differences in the cellular location of the sets of chemical reactions known as aerobic catabolism. How and why are the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation coupled?

If each NADH generates 3 ATP molecules and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP molecules, calculate the number of ATP molecules generated from one saturated 10-carbon fatty acid. number of ATP molecules: ATP

Suppose that a cow is launched into space, far from the Sun, wearing a suit that provides it with oxygen but very little insulation. Estimate how long it will take the cow to radiate enough heat to lower its body temperature by 2C , wherein hypothermia will begin to set in. (Note: You will have to estimate whatever numerical parameters that you think are relevant to this problem; there is a wide range of “correct answers”.)

Describe the use of simple paths to determine the change in these by more complicated paths (ie burning sugar to CO2 and H2O can be used to determine the change in enthalpy of the conversion of sugar to CO2 and H2O by the more complicated processes of glycolysis, CAC and oxidative phosphorylation).

44 45 46 47 48 50 27 Use the following figure to answer the question. CO2 Охаlоасеtic acid Phosphoenol- pyruvate AMP+ P K NADPH Cell I NADP+ ATP Malic acid Pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid Malic acid RUBP NADP CO2 Cell II NADPH Triose Phospho- glycerate Which of the following statements is true concerning the accompanying figure? O It represents a C4 photosynthetic system. It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration. It represents a CAM photosynthetic system. It represents a C3 photosynthetic system. A Moving to another question will save this response. esc DII D 身 49

Give some characteristics of adipocytes.

After infection, some T cells (a particular type of immune cell) may persist as memory T cells (TMcells). When they re-encounter the same pathogen, T­M­ cells rapidly divide to produce more T cells to help fight off the infection. This rapid cell division requires substantial energy. One way that this energy is provided to TMcells is via increased activity of the ETC. One standard type of experiment for analyzing oxidative metabolism is measuring the oxygen consumption rate OCR in the presence of different compounds. The lines indicate the time at which the different ETC/OxPhos inhibitors were added. Note that the inhibitors are never removed. Complete the table below. Time Period 1 2 3 4 Inhibitor added None Oligomycin (inhibits ATP Synthase) FCCP (Uncoupler) Rotenone + Antimycin (Complexes I and III) Can electrons flow? If so, from which compound to which compound? If not, what is preventing it?         Can H+move through the membrane? If so,…

Which energy storehouse is utilised in brief anaerobic activity versus ongoing aerobic activity? Explain why each fuel is appropriate for the particular metabolic needs