During the entry of the space shuttle into the earth’s atmosphere, maximum stagnation point heating occurs at the trajectory point corresponding to an altitude of 68.9 km, where ρ∞ = 1.075 × 10−4 kg/m3, and a flight velocity of 6.61 km/s. At this point on its entry trajectory, the shuttle is at a 40.2 degree angle of attack, which presents an effective nose radius at the stagnation point of 1.29 m. If the wall temperature is Tw = 1110 K, calculatethe stagnation point heating rate.

Consider a typical air flow around a cruising jetliner at 10km altitude. The speed is now 810 km/h, while the ambient conditions are 0.414 kg/m³ , 0.261 atm and -50°C. At the stagnation point, the temperature rises over by 25°C, while the density and pressure changes by more than 30% and 45 % respectively. Classify the following situations as compressible/incompressible flow

Air flowing steadily in a nozzle experiences a normal shock at a Mach number of Ma = 2.6. The pressure and temperature of air are 52 kPa and 270 K, respectively. Now, helium undergoes a normal shock under the same conditions. Calculate the entropy changes of air and helium across the normal shock. The properties of air are R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K and cp= 1.005 kJ/kg-K, and the properties of helium are R=2.0769 kJ/kg-K and cp=5.1926 kJ/kg.K. The entropy change for air is The entropy change for helium is kJ/kg-K. kJ/kg-K.

A medical syringe (shown below) is used to inject a patient with a local anaesthetic before performing outpatient surgery. The anaesthetic can be modeled as an incompressible fluid with specific gravity, S = 1.02. Determine the plunger velocity, in units of in/s, if the anaesthetic is to be delivered at a constant 7 cm3 s −1 when the syringe is modeled as being perfectly sealed, and there is backward leakage between the plunger and syringe at a rate of 10% of the volume flow rate delivered through the needle. Note that anaesthetic is still to be delivered to the patient at 7 cm3 s −1 , despite this leakage.