drawal symptoms may occur when a person using a painkiller suddenly stops using it. For a special type of painkiller, withdrawal symptoms occur in 2% of the cases. Consider a random sample of 1600 people who have stopped using the painkiller.

. A researcher suspects that the actual prevalence of generalized anxiety among children and adolescents is higher than the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents. The previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents is 4.1%, and the researcher conducts a study to test the accuracy of the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder by recruiting 98 children and adolescents from various pediatricians’ offices and tests them for generalized anxiety disorder using the DSM-5. The researcher determines that the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among the participants of the study is 6.8%. The researcher’s hypothesis, for a level of significance of 5%, should resemble which of the following sets of hypothesis? A) H0: p > .041; H1: p = .041; alpha= .05 B) H0: p > .041; H1: p = .041; alpha= .95 C) H0: p = .041; H1: p > .041; alpha= .05 D) H0: p = .041; H1: p…

Pregnant women are screened for a birth defect called Down syndrome. Down syndrome babies are mentally and physically challenged. Some mothers choose to abort the fetus when they are certain that their baby will be born with the syndrome. The most common screening is maternal serum screening, a blood test that looks for markers in the blood to indicate whether the birth defect may occur. The false-positive and false-negative rates vary according to the age of the mother.  Mother’s Age    False-Positive Rate    False-Negative RateUnder 30    0.040    0.37630-34    0.082    0.29035-37    0.178    0.269Over 38    0.343    0.029 The probability that a baby has Down syndrome is primarily a function of the mother’s age. The probabilities are listed here. Age    Probability of Down Syndrome25    1/130030    1/90035    1/35040    1/10045    1/2549    1/12 For each of the age 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 49, determine the probability of Down syndrome if the maternity serum screening produces a…

Professor Chase from the University of Kansas has been working on a new cholesterol medication that is being called CholestoCleaner. The university is now conducting studies to determine if there is a possible side effect of sore joints. Placebo (Population Rate) To help determine the usual rate of sore joints, the research team gave a placebo (sugar pill) to 2017 subjects. Of those 2017 subjects, 4 of them developed sore joints.  CholestoCleaner Trial The CholestoCleaner drug was given to 2622 subjects. Of those 2622 subjects, 19 of them developed sore joints. Preliminary Math If we consider the general population of people that don't use CholestoCleaner, what is the probability that they will develop sore joints?   (Enter your answer as a fraction.) If you had a sample size of 2622 that did NOT use CholestoCleaner, how many would expect to develop sore joints? When 2622 subjects DID use the drug, there were 19 subjects that developed sore joints. Does it seem as though sore joints…

Pap smears are a diagnostic test used to detect cervical cancer. Although the test has high specificity, it also has low sensitivity.  As a result, women have to be screened often.  Using the definitions of sensitivity and specificity, explain why increased frequency of screening is needed when sensitivity is low and specificity is high.

Many people take ginkgo supplements advertised to improve memory. Are these over-thecounter supplements effective? In a study, elderly adults were assigned to the treatment group or control group. The 104 participants who were assigned to the treatment group took 40 mg of ginkgo 3 times a day for 6 weeks. The 115 participants assigned to the control group took a placebo pill 3 times a day for 6 weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, the Wechsler Memory Scale was administered. Higher scores indicate better memory function. Summary values are given in thefollowing table:                N               x              sGinkgo 104           5.7         0.6Placebo 115         5.5          0.5a) Based on these results, is there evidence that taking 40mg of ginkgo 3 times a day is effective in increasing mean performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale? b) Write a brief report on your findings