Draw the structures of the activated carbon groups bound to thiamine pyrophosphate in three enzymes that contain this coenzyme. Hint: Keto–enol tautomerism may enter into the picture.

Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as well

We have described an ATP synthase complex with an Fo complex of 9 c-subunits. Consider if the F0 complex had 12 c- subunits instead of only 9 (assume a eukaryote). What would be the P/O ratio (the ATP produced in the cytosol per atom of O reduced (or a pair of e- if you want to think of it that way) obtained from using B-hydroxy-fatty-acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase? (report to 1 decimal place) ATP

Enolase has a glutamic acid residue in its active site. Describe the experiment that was done that provided evidence for the proposed function of the glutamic acid residue in catalysis by enolase.