We have stated that fatty acids cannot yield a net gain in carbohydrates in organisms that lack a glyoxalate pathway. Why can odd-chain fatty acids be thought to break this rule to a small extent?

When a 23 Carbon fatty acid is metabolized, what is the total number of (GROSS) ATP produced ?

How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from a 20-carbon chain free fatty acid?

NH, This compound is directly involved in: он O=P-0-CH, H но OmP-0- O oxidizing an alcohol in the conversion of sucrose to fructose. O the synthesis of malonyl coenzyme A. reducing a ketone in gluconeogenesis. reducing a C=C double bond in fatty-acid synthesis.

In gluconeogenesis, only the carbon skeletons of amino acids, not fatty acids, are utilised. So how does fatty acid oxidation in the liver produce brain fuel? Describe the substances and routes involved.

Explain why triacylglycerols should be the principal source of stored metabolic energy.

What is the difference between beta oxidation of fatty acid and beta oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid?

Trans-fatty acids are synthetic forms of fatty acids made from altered unsaturated fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids are denser, solid at room temperature, and store more energy in the same unit of volume than unsaturated fatty acids. The production of trans-fatty acids involves the reorientation of one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a double-bonded car- bon atom, as illustrated in the figure below. unsaturated fatty acid OHHHHH HOC CCCC-c II I I HHHH trans-fatty acid |||| Molecular model of an unsaturated and trans-fatty acid Based on the structures shown above, H -C-C-C-C-C-H HHHHH TTTTT !!!!! HHHHH OHHHHH | ! ! ! ! ! HO-C-C-C-C-c-c IIII HHHH H HHHHH H HH III C-C-C-H I (a) Identify one property of all fatty acids. (b) Describe one of the functions of fatty acids in living systems. (c) Explain how the reorientation of the hydrogen atom as shown in the image allows the trans- fatty acids to be denser and solid at room temperature. Respond to each part in 3 to 5 complete sentences.