We have stated that fatty acids cannot yield a net gain in carbohydrates in organisms that lack a glyoxalate pathway. Why can odd-chain fatty acids be thought to break this rule to a small extent?

Q: Why can only unsaturated triacylglyceroids undergo hydrogenation?

A: Lipids are one of the major classes of macromolecule and are essential for the formation of the cell…

Q: Some amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic. Explain the difference between the two types and…

A: Amino acids are known as the building blocks of proteins. There are total 20 essential amino acids.…

Q: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is thought to be exacerbated by a diet heavy in sugar. Explain?

A: Introduction :- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat…

Q: Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods.…

A: Myristoleic acid would undergo beta-oxidation for its catabolism.

Q: Which step in lipid metabolism would you expect to be affected by 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonic…

A: Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradration of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown or…

Q: One example of a stage 1 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the…

A: Cellular respiration is an intracellular process of oxidation of breaking complex organic molecules…

Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?

A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…

Q: Describe gluconeogenesis starting from lactate. What is its importance?

A: Introduction: The below answer explains the process of gluconeogenesis starting from lactate and its…

Q: An oligosaccharide is a repeating unit of a-D-galactopyranosyl-(a-1 >3)-allopyranoside. Each…

A: Disaccharide units are linked via beta-1->4 glycosidic bonds. This means that for allopyranose we…

Q: Can any of the amino acids (pyruvate, acetyl Co A, Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (PGAL), alpha…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesis of glucose from the non-carbohydrate source like amino…

Q: One example of a stage 1 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the…

A: The enzymatic reactions of cellular respiration begin in the cytoplasm, but most of the reactions…

Q: The “keto diet” is a dietary regimen in which carbohydrates are severely restricted, protein intake…

A: In keto diet ketone body formation is favoured. The production and export of Ketone bodies from the…

Q: One example of a stage 2 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is:

A: Introduction: The breakdown of food into small molecules to get absorbed by the body is known as…

Q: Only one acetyl CoA molecule is used directly in fatty acid synthesis. Identify the carbon atoms in…

A: Fatty acids are the biomolecules that are formed of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to the…

Q: Only carbon skeleton of amino acids are used in glucogeneogenesis but not fatty acids. How can fatty…

A: The ketone bodies are water-soluble and can be easily transported from the liver to various tissues.…

Q: How many ATP will be broken down in the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?

A: Beta-oxidation is the process of breaking down the long fatty acids into smaller fatty acyl CoA to…

Q: Why is acetyl phosphate considered an energy-richcompound while glucose 6-phosphate is not?

A: Energy-rich compounds are compounds having specific structural capabilities that result in a release…

Q: Why is the sequence of reactions that catabolize fatty acids described as a spiral rather than a…

A: The building blocks of the fat molecules in the body is called fatty acids. They helps in the…

Q: Is it possible to convert fatty acids to other lipids without acyl-CoA intermediates?

A: Fatty acids are building blocks of lipids. They combine with alcohol to form simple fats, such as…

Q: Propose a reaction mechanism for the condensation of an acetyl unit with a malonyl unit to form an…

A: Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. where fatty acid synthesis occurs in two phases.…

Q: It has been stated many times that fatty acids cannot yield a net gain in carbohydrates. Why can…

A: Fatty acids are biomolecules made up of lipid and carboxylic acids. They can be saturated or…

Q: True or False

A: Fatty acids are the structure squares of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat. During…

Q: Most aminotransferases use which α-ketoacid as their amino group acceptor? A、α-ketoglutarate…

A: Aminotransferases are transferase class of enzymes, which transfer amino group from an amino acid to…

Q: It is important to note that galactose is an important component of glyco- proteins. What is the…

A: Galactose is a hexose differing from glucose only by the hydroxyl group configuration at the…

Q: A contributing factor to the development of arthritis is the inappropriate proteolytic destruction…

A: An assay is a biochemical lab procedure to determine the quantity of molecules of interest in a…

Q: Some amino acids are described as ketogenic while others are called glucogenic. What is different…

A: Amino acids are the main building blocks of the body. Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into…

Q: Can an amino acid be both glucogenic and ketogenic? Explain why or why not.

A: The the amino acid is the basic subunit of the protein, which helps to form protein functional…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.