Draw the following four graphs with an economy experiencing an inflationary gap: money market, investment demand, aggregate demand, and supply (with the LRAS), and the Phillips curve. Show what happens in the short run on all three graphs when the central bank decreases the money supply.
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- Suppose the current administration decides to decreasegovernment expenditures as a means of cutting theexisting government budget deficit.a. Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, showthe effects of such a decision on the economy in theshort run. Describe the effects on inflation and output.b. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, theinflation rate, and the output level if the FederalReserve decides to stabilize the inflation rate?Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium.a. Use the model of aggregate demand andaggregate supply to illustrate the initialequilibrium (call it point A). Be sure to includeboth short-run aggregate supply and long-runaggregate supply.b. The central bank raises the money supply by5 percent. Use your diagram to show whathappens to output and the price level as theeconomy moves from the initial equilibrium to thenew short-run equilibrium (call it point B).c. Now show the new long-run equilibrium (call itpoint C). What causes the economy to move frompoint B to point C?d. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do nominal wages at point Acompare with nominal wages at point B? How donominal wages at point A compare with nominalwages at point C?e. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do real wages at point A comparewith real wages at point B? How do real wages atpoint A compare with real wages at point C?f. Judging by the impact of the money…Suppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%
- In the graph, demonstrate the short-run effect of an increase in the growth rate of the money supply, assuming all else remains equal. What happens in the long run? LRAS O As expectations adjust to the increase, all curves shift back to their original locations. SRAS The SRAS curve shifts to the left, and the inflation rate increases, with no change in the growth rate. The AD curve shifts to the right, and both the real growth rate and inflation rate increase. The LRAS curve shifts to the right, and the real growth rate increases, with no change in the inflation rate. AD Real GDP growth rate Inflation rate (T)II. Illustrate cach of the following situations with a graph showing IS curve: An increase in government spending a. b. An increase in taxes III. Illustrate each of the following situations with a graph showing Fed rule curve: a. An increase in Z factors b. A decrease in the price level IV. Illustrate each of the following situations with a graph showing AS and AD curve and show the changes in cquilibrium values of the price level and aggregate output: a. An increase in the capital stock and decrease in taxes b. A decrease in energy prices and increase in Government spendingThe economy begins in longcrun equilibrium. Thenone day, the president appoints a new chair of theFederal Reserve. 11\is new chainnan is well known forher view that inflation is not a major problcn1 for aneconomy.a. How would this news affect the price level thatpeople would expect to prevail?b. How would this change in the expected pricelevel affect the nonlinal wage that workers andfmn.s agree to in their new labor contracts?c. How would this change in the nonlinal wageaffect the profitability of producing goods andservia,s at any given price level?d. How docs this change in profitability affect theshort-run aggregate-supply curve?e. ff aggregate demand is held constant, how docsthis sllift in the aggregate-supply curve affect theprice level and the quantity of output produced?f. Do you think this Fed chainnan was a goodappointment?
- How do you know if the Fed's actions achieve the goal of stable prices? The goal of stable prices is achieved when _______. A. the prices of food, clothing, and shelter are stable B. the PCEPI inflation rate excluding food and energy prices is 2 percent a year C. the general level of prices is changing, but we can accurately predict the rate of change D. the inflation rate is zero percent a year thanks sSuppose the monetary policy curve is given byr = 1.5 + 0.75p, and the IS curve is given byY = 13 - r.a. Calculate an expression for the aggregate demandcurve.b. Calculate the real interest rate and aggregate outputwhen the inflation rate is 2%, 3%, and 4%.c. Draw graphs of the IS, MP, and AD curves, labelingthe points from part (b) on the appropriate graphs.The graph shows the aggregate demand curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve in Artica Potential GDP i Intialy $300 Bilion. A drought decreases potential GDP to 1250 bilon. Draw the new Potenal GDP Ine. Label it. Draw a curve to show what happens if the central bank lowers the federal funds rate. Label the curve. Draw a point at the new equilbrum price level and real GOP Label 1. Now starting trom the original equibrium, draw a curve to show what happens if the central bank raises the federal unds rate Label the curve. Drawa point at the hew equilbrium price level and real GOP, Label it 2. To retum the economy to polental GOP, he central bank should _________ the federal tunde rate O A. Raise O B. lower
- Consider the AD-AS model in the following picture. If the original level of aggregate demand is Ef, what will be the effect of an expansionary monetary policy that shifts aggregate demand from ADf to ADI? Price Pf Pr Fig11a Er C. Yr Real GDP LRAS ADr Ef I don't know. SRAS Ei ADf Yf Yi a. stagflation b. inflation and unemployment ADi d. inflation, but little employmentIn the basic New Keynesian model, suppose that there is an increase in government spending. • First, suppose that the central bank does nothing (accommodates the shock). Illustrate onthe graphs and explain what will be the effects on inflation and output? • Second, suppose that economy initially has inflation equal to the central bank’s inflationtarget and an output gap of zero. What action do you expect the central bank wouldundertake? Illustrate you answer on the graph and explain. PLEASE SHOW ALL HAND WRITTEN STEPS AND WORK!One of the business cycle factsis that “the nominal money supply is a pro-cyclicaland leading variable”. Traditional Keynesian theory explains this fact with the transmissionmechanism of money. The New Classical approach uses misperceptions theory explanation. TheRBC theorist try to explain the relationship with reverse causation theory.a. According to Keynesian theory, under what conditions money would be effective to havereal effects? If money is effective to have real effects, explain the transmission mechanism thatshows the causation from money to output.b. According to the “misperceptions theory of business cycles”, how and why an increase innominal money supply causes an increase in real output in the short run by affecting thebehavior of producers? Does your answer change if the monetary shock is anticipated orunanticipated? Explain by using the IS-LM-FE and AD-AS Frameworks.c. Explain how reverse causation could occur and what is the explanation from RBC theoristthat money is…