Discuss the evidence used to establish the causal association between virus infection and cancer. How can this knowledge be used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of virus-associated tumours?
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Discuss the evidence used to establish the causal association between virus infection and cancer. How can this knowledge be used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of virus-associated tumours?
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- Hello! Discuss the evidence used to establish the causal association between virus infection and cancer. How can this knowledge be used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of virus-associated tumours? Thank you!!!In a Cervical Cancer screening program, 500 asymptomatic women were examined using the Pap smear test. 200 of the women who truly had lesions were correctly classified; 14 with lesions were wrongly classified as negative. 253 women who had no lesions were correctly classified; 33 women with no lesions were wrongly reported as positive. (A) Summarise the information provided in an appropirate table. (B) Based on the information above, calculate the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of the Pap smear test.You are in charge of a new gene therapy clinic. Two cases have been referred to you for review and possible therapy. Case 1. A mutation in the promoter of a proto-oncogene causes the gene to make too much of its normal product, a receptor protein that promotes cell division. The uncontrolled cell division has caused cancer. Case 2. A mutation in an exon of a tumor-suppressor gene makes this gene nonfunctional. The product of this gene normally suppresses cell division. The mutant gene cannot suppress cell division, and this has led to cancer. What treatment options can you suggest for each case?
- This is homework not a test! From NTSA case study https://static.nsta.org/case_study_docs/case_studies/cystic_fibrosis.pdf Please help with questions 2, 3 and 4 of part four 2. "The successful use of gene therapy to cure SCID syndrome (2000) is hoped to be a permanent cure for those patients because a good copy of the problem gene was inserted into the patients' blood stem cells in the bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cells). Once white blood cells enter the blood stream they have a limited life span, on the order of a few week to months. The blood stem cells are the cells that create more white blood cells to replace those that are lost. If the gene was only inserted into the circulating mature white blood cells, the patient would only be temporarily cured until those cells were used up or died." The current gene therapy approaches to cure CF involve inserting a functional CFTR gene into the mature epithelial cells of the lungs. In light of the preceding paragraph, do you think that…Describe the progression of cancer from an early benign lesion to a genetically heterogeneous malignant tumour and how this knowledge is used to design current and future antineoplastic treatments can you please give this in maximum detail as i am trying to understand this in extensive detailQuestion 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.. Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.
- For many years, targeted therapies for cancer treatment continue to be developed, however more and more patients are developing resistance to targeted therapies. Discuss one mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies for cancer and provide an example of how might creatively combat it using clinical concepts.hi, can I please get help on a case study on nueroanatomy I have been struggling for a couple of hours now and can't seem to understand the study to answer the following questions. is there any way or format that i can get help. I would really appreciate it. thanks! 1. Based on the information in the case, what is the most likely neuroanatomic location for a single lesion that can explain all of the patient’s symptoms and signs? In your own words, explain how you arrived at that localization. 2.What are some possibilities for the nature of the lesion (e.g., stroke, tumor, trauma, etc.)? In your own words, explain your rationale for these options. 3. How does the laboratory data and neuroimaging demonstrate the actual lesion for the patient? Describe how you interpret the data in your own words. 4.How was the patient was treated, and how did they subsequently fare? Describe the treatment plan in your own words.Can you critically evaluate this information including details in the discussion, also including molecular and cellular aspects as well as detailed diagnostic and treatment approach:- When tumours attempt to spread/invasive outside of their original tissue or to a remote metastatic location, they are said to be invasive. This process is typically started or sustained by the microenvironment around the tumour. Examine in-depth/Critically what a cancer microenvironment is and how it's considered to encourage tumour migration.
- Discuss why cancer treatment may involve a combinationof chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Mr. Yeboah, diagnosed with a malignant tumour of the liver had it removed and was given a course of chemotherapy. Initially, tumour marker (AFP) activity activity was 7500KU/L (which is very high) but after treatment, this gradually declined to only 5KU/L. A routine follow up test was perfomedafter 3 months and the results was 15KU/L for AFP. The doctor suspected a relapse of the tumour and so referred Mr. Yeboahto an oncologist at a cancer centre who also did a re-check. AFP was recorded to be 5KU/L. Enquiries revealed that the hospital and the cancer centre use different instruments for the measurement of AFP. Both results are normal even though the values are significantly different because different methods were used.a) How can both labs confirm that the results are not clinically significant? b) How can both labs avoid this happening again?Surgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in diagnosis due to the risks associated with surgery and improved nonsurgical diagnostic methods. True False
