Q: If sclerotization of the arthropod cuticle is inhibited
A: Cuticular sclerotization, also known as tanning,stabilizes the protein matrix of the cuticle to make…
Q: Which of the following is NOT true of the mechanism by whlch kinesin motor proteins waik along…
A: Kinesin is a motor protein that moves along microtubules. Members of Kinesin superfamily are…
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A: The external skeleton that provides support and protection to the animal’s body is known as the…
Q: Explain the nervous sytem present in the cockroaches.
A: Nervous system in cockroach which is an arthropod, consists of various ganglions, commisures or…
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A: Insects have a closed circulatory system.this means that in the body; blood is not circulated…
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A: Practically everything plants can photosynthesize, and photosynthesis is critical to these plants'…
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A: The molecular principles underpinning cell mobility have only recently been a scientific focus,…
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A: Plants are mainly multicellular plants that have ability to perform photosynthesis and belong to…
Q: Explain how a sea anemone’s nerve net differs from the nervoussystem of a flatworm in its structure…
A: A nerve net is a mesh-like system where the nerve fibers and cells are dispersed all over the body…
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A: Some earthworms exhibit complex behaviors, such as burrowing and mate selection. These behaviors are…
Q: Describe the evidence that the development of honeybee queens is due to exposure to royal jelly.
A: Ans: The honey bee is a type of eusocial flying insect and belongs to the genus Apis.
Q: The organ of Corti contains receptors that signal in response to______ . a. heat b. sound c. light…
A: Introduction: The ear is the main hearing organ of our body. It has 3 parts: An external or outer…
Q: iscuss the Nervous System of the Meerkats, its transmission of signals, transmission of information…
A: Nervous system in Meerkats has the following salient features for signal transmission: - VISION: -…
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A: Homeostasis is the ability of biological systems to retain relatively constant conditions in their…
Q: Explain how cnidocytes with their nematocysts function in food capture and defense.
A: Cnidocytes are specialized cells and these define the phylum Cnidaria. These contain an explosive…
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A: Cytoskelton includes two components in addition to actin: intermediate filaments and microtubules.…
Q: this is a glandular system that aids in the regulation of water and salt in some species of…
A: Introduction With over 28,000 species and an estimated 16,000 parasitic species, the phylum…
Q: Describe how the interaction between a moth and its predator the bat interact at the sensory level.…
A: Predation is the mode of nutrition, where the predator captures its prey for food. Organisms follow…
Q: Describe hormonal control of metamorphosis in insects, including the action of each hormone and…
A: Metamorphosis is a biological phenomenon that involves physical changes in the animal after it has…
Q: Speculate about the selective advantage of radial symmetry and a diffuse nerve net for sessile and…
A: INTRODUCTION Advantages of radial symmetry and diffuse nerve net in sea anemone and jelly fish is…
Q: Identify the functions of the three major hormones that controlgrowth and development in insects.
A: Hormones are chemicals that are secreted by certain types of glands and perform various…
Q: Explain how the three hormones involved in insect growth— ecdysone, juvenile hormone, and…
A: The class Insecta undergo morphological and biological changes after birth through the process of…
Q: Determine whether song recognition is a pre zygotic or post zygotic barrier, explain which type of…
A: Singing in the animal kingdom is a courtship behavior. Song based courtship is used by the males of…
Q: Describe sensory receptors that insects have to various stimuli.
A: All insects have some type of sensory receptors or simply sense organs that helps them to…
Q: Describe the cnidarian (radiate) nervous system. How is a tendency toward centralization of the…
A: The brain is the most important part of the body that controls every action in our body. It is a…
Q: List five terms that describe colour of callus
A: Callus usually is a very unorganized mass of cells produced from isolated plant cell tissue or organ…
Q: Insect cuticle is the characteristic feature of class insecta and is to a large extent responsible…
A: Insect body wall ( also called as Integument and exoskeleton) provides the external covering of the…
Q: Give the role of membrana semilunaris in pigeon?
A: Doves and pigeons are diverse groups of birds. There are many muscles in pigeon and each muscle has…
Q: Describe the evidence that the development of queen honeybees is due to exposure to royal jelly.
A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…
Q: Give the digrammatic representation showing Nervous system of frog?
A: Frogs lie in the class Amphibia of the phylum Chordata. They are the members of the kingdom…
Q: Explain the action or effect of moult-inhibiting hormone in insects development (exclusively in…
A: Molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) is a principal endocrine hormone regulating the growth in crustaceans.
Q: The plasma membrane of the giant squid axon becomes depolarized in response to action potential.…
A: The giant squid axon is the largest axin present in it. The diameter of the axon is 1.5 mm. The axon…
Q: How does the insect circulatory system carry out physiological insect defence mechanisms? Is there a…
A: The circulatory system present in insects differ from the circulatory system found in human body. An…
Q: Explain how ultrasonic detectors of certain nocturnal moths are adapted to help them escape an…
A: Sound wave is the distribution or pattern caused by the movement of energy traveling by a medium…
Q: describe this pic
A: The paddy or the rice production now uses the mechanization procedure. This picture depicts the…
Q: Enumerate the steps involved in pathway of nerve impulse.
A: Nerve conduction is an electrochemical process, which means that it uses electricity made with…
Q: In sea urchin, which step of egg and sperm recognition is mediated by Bindin? A) Sperm binding to…
A: Question- In sea urchin which step of egg and sperm recognition is mediated by Bindin ? Sperm…
Q: Is the stage when an insect larva is within a cocoon a stage of total biological inactivity?
A: The process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching undergoing abrupt changes…
Q: Explain the structures of an insect digestive tract specialized for solid food type with one…
A: Digestive system is part of a body that helps in the digestion of food.
Q: Briefly discuss the contribution of the cuticle to the success of arthro-pods, and name some other…
A: Arthropods are the most diverse and successful organism. Presence of some other adaptive features…
Q: Describe the location of the nerve cord in arthropods. (Think of the crayfish.)
A: Arthropoda is a diverse phylum that includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. The…
Q: Bristle-like structures that provide traction for annelids are called chaetae cilia hair cells
A: Annelids are large phylum; it contains more than 22000 species, such as earthworms, ragworms, and…
Q: Describe the effect of leptin on feeding behavior and weightcontrol.
A: Leptin, an internal secretion discharged from the fat cells placed in adipose tissues that send…
Q: Outline the role of Vitamin C in fish neuronal development
A: Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin. Which help in biosynthesis of collagen protein, nervous system…
Q: Name the part that is affected in astigmatism.
A: Eye is an organ which helps us to provide vision it has several photoreceptors which receives light…
Q: Discuss the importance of chemical and nervous control in plants and animals.
A: The nervous system along with some chemical molecules maintains control and coordination in…
Q: Describe and give an example of each of four ways in which insects communicate with each other.
A: Insects communicate with each other for many reasons. They can communicate for reproduction, for…
Discuss and explain the hormonal control and biochemistry of sclerotization of an insect's cuticle.
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- Conotoxin is produced by marine cone snails. Among its effects is to block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in n eurons. A. What anatomical part of a neuron would be affected by conotoxin? B. How would the neuron's action potential be affected by conotoxin? Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis C. If conotoxin affected a somatic motor neuron, would this toxin cause muscle weakness or increased muscle tension? Explain why.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the function of the vertebrate nerve cell/ nervous system? a) nerve cells keep the levels of Na + and k+ AT Equilibrium on both sides of the cell membrane at all times b) Nerve cells produce impulses that release neurotransmitters to stimulate other cells C) Nerve cells generate motor output (movement) d) nerve cells use neurotransmitters to regulate other cells e)nerve cells are speacialized in employing specific receptors to react to a specific stimulusWhich of the following are the correct order of steps needed for guard cells to respond to ligth? Select one: O a. Light hits guard cells, guard cells actively pump potassium and chloride out, water follows the ions out(lower water potential), guard cells lose water and open O b. Light hits guard cells, guard cells actively pump potassium and chloride out, water follows the ions out(lower water potential), guard cells lose water and close O c. Light hits guard cells, guard cells actively pump protons out, protons escort chloride ions in, water follows the ions (lower water potential), guard cells become turgid and open O d. Light hits guard cells, guard cells actively pump protons in, water follows the protons (lower water potential and concentration gradient), guard cells become turgid and close
- Create at least 6 analogies comparing (3) and contrasting (3) the processes involve in chemical and nervous control in plant animals. Example: Photoreceptor (Animal): Phototropism (Plants) (Both involved responding to light stimulus)The tetanus toxin tetanospasmin blocks release of the neurotransmitter (GABA) that inhibits motor neurons and decreases muscle contraction. This causes persistence of the signal to contract and the resulting violent muscle contraction known as tetanic spasm. Compare the sustained contraction of muscle cells in rigor mortis with muscle contraction caused by the action of tetanospasmin on motor neurons. Describe experiments using marker molecules that have been done to elucidate important properties of (1) tight junctions and (2) gap junctions, and propose one additional experiment you could do with each junction to gain a greater understanding of that junction's properties.VISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each of the numbered steps in the figure.
- Describe different axon guidance mechanisms. Compare and contrast netrins, semaphorins, cadherins, and ephrins: in what way are netrins and cadherins similar in effect, and in what way are they different? In what way are semaphorins and ephrins similar, and in what way do they differ?Below is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A C rHNTX-IV (10 μM) -rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control Control 5 nA 10 ms r 5 nA 10 ms rHNTX- IV (10 μM) B D -80 -80 -60 -60 A -40 -40 V (mv) -20 V(mv) -20 be TOLF 2-6 I (NA) -8 ON -12 10 -12 -14 -8 -10 (NA) Control 100 nM — 10 μΜ 40 -Control -- 10 μM 40In the absence of any environmental cues, a circadian rhythm is said to be entrained, in phase, free running, or phase-shifted?
- A researcher is investigating the effects of a toxin, isolated from the skin of a South American tree frog. The researcher is exploring the effect of that toxin on synaptic transmission at the mammalian skeletal neuromuscular junction. Their previous studies established that the toxin had no direct effect upon skeletal muscle contractility, but it did block muscle contractility elicited indirectly via electrical stimulation of the motor nerve. To establish how the toxin influenced synaptic transmission, in vitro studies were performed using the mouse phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm skeletal muscle preparation, bathed in a buffered saline solution containing a raised magnesium and lowered calcium concentration. Under these conditions intracellular recording determined the effect of the toxin on the amplitude (in mV) of miniature endplate potentials (mepps) and endplate potentials (epps) – see Table 1. Mean mepp amplitude Mean epp amplitude Control 0.5 mV 8 mV Toxin 0.5 mV 2 mV Table 1: Mean…In most neurons, membrane depolarization leads to the opening of voltage-dependent ion channels, generation of an action potential, and, ultimately, an influx of Ca2+, which causes release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminus. Devise a cellular strategy by which hyperpolarization in rod cells could produce excitation of the visual pathway and passage of visual signals to the brain. (Hint: The neuronal signaling pathway in higher organisms consists of a series of neurons that relay information to the brain. The signal released by one neuron can be either excitatory or inhibitory to the following, postsynaptic neuron.)which of the following would be false? a) summation of B and C would not change membrane b) summation of B would be an IPSP c) summation of C and A = suprathreshold stimuli d) stimulation by A would depolarize cell e) repeated stimulation by A could spatially summate and reach threshold (This would be temporal summation)