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- Outline the role of Vitamin C in fish neuronal development.
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- Identify four functions of invertebrate neurohormones and describe the regulation of insect development.Briefly describe the reciprocal signal transduction pathways that establish parasegmental boundaries in fly embryos.Describe hormonal control of metamorphosis in insects, including the action of each hormone and where each is produced
- Give few examples the genes and proteins involved in the formation anterior-posterior axes in mammals?How is that physiological mechanism being regulated of hibernating bats (Chiroptera)?Describe the process of neural toon in a vertebrate. How does it happen? How do the brain and spinal cord form? What tissue gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord?
- Explain your answers briefly: One of the key components in vertebrate limb development is the polarizing region, also known as the zone or polarizing activituy of ZPA. a) Where in the limb bud is this region? b) What axis of the limb does it help to specify? c) What properties of this region make it an organizing region d) Through which signaling molecule does it exert its effects? e) What is the evidence for the importance of this molecule?Apoptosis that occurs in motor neurons during vertebrate development can be postponed by removing a limb bud. removing motor units. stopping electrical activity in motor neurons. lesioning the muscle fiber.Discuss the importance of feedback systems in the control of hormonal output in amphibians? Provide and elaborate one hormonal feedback pattern observed in amphibians.