Determine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is –30.5 kJ/mol.   fructose+ATP ____fructose 6‑phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6‑phosphate is −15.9 kJ/mol.   3‑phosphoglycerate+ATP___1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate is −49.3 kJ/mol.   creatine+ATP___creatine phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is –43.0 kJ/mol.

Although the ATP-ADP reaction is the principle energy shuttle in metabolic pathways, many other examples of coupled reactions exist. glutamic acid + NH3  glutamine + H2O, ΔGo = 14 kJ. Can be coupled with the acetyl phosphate reaction shown CH3COOPO3H2 + H2O  CH3COOH + H3PO4, ΔGo = -46.9 kJ a. Calculate ΔGo for the overall process.

11. In the hexose sugar shown below (glucose), the hydroxyl group on the 6th carbon acts as a nucleophile when reacted with ATP. Why not the hydroxyl group on carbon 1? HO HO 0 OH OH ''OH

In one of the reactions in the citric acid cycle, which provides energy for ATP synthesis, succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid: C4H6 O4 + C4H4O4 + 2H succinic acid fumaric acid The reaction is accompanied by a coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD + 2H → FADH2 ▼ Part A Indicate whether succinic acid and FAD are oxidized or reduced. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Reset Help oxidized The reaction of FAD involves the of hydrogen; therefore FAD is loss The reaction of succinic acid involves the of hydrogen; therefore succinic acid is addition reduced