11. In the hexose sugar shown below (glucose), the hydroxyl group on the 6th carbon acts as a nucleophile when reacted with ATP. Why not the hydroxyl group on carbon 1? HO HO O OH I OH 'OH

Q9. Consider the equilibrium for the transesterification reaction. H₂SO4 triacylglycerol + 1-propanol fatty acid propyl ester + glycerol How do you think the amount of 1-propanol affects the amount of product present when the reaction reaches equilibrium? (I.e. What happens to the amount of product if you add more alcohol?) Briefly explain your answer.

In an aqueous solution, d-glucose exists in equilibrium with two six-membered ring compounds. a.Draw the structures of these compounds. b. Which of the six-membered ring compounds will be the major product?

25. Identify the sugars and the glycosidic linkage in the following molecule. HO HƠ OH HO O OH O HO- OH OH

Name the types of glycosidc bonds for each structure below. You only need to name the type of bond.

Carbohydrates:

see image

1. Simple sugars are defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones. All carbons except one have an OH group. The remaining carbon has a double bond to oxygen, making it an aldehyde or ketone. For example, the Fisher projection of glucose looks like this: C H- H- -ОН НО -ОН -HO- CH2OH Because a simple sugar has both a carbonyl carbon and built-in nucleophiles, a reaction can occur within the molecule itself to create the hemi-acetal form of the sugar. Propose a mechanism for this reaction when it occurs in an aqueous solution. C -- CH2OH он в CH2OH HO- H H НО H. ОН Н and ОН Н HO- он Он а OH H H- ОН OH H ОН ČH2OH

Identify the glycosidic bond indicated in the following structure. CH2OH H H. OH H O. но H. OH CH2 H. H H. QH H OH H. O B-1,4-glycosidic bond O a-1,6-glycosidic bond O a-1,4-glycosidic bond O B-1,6-glycosidic bond

4. Draw the beta-furanose form of the following carbohydrate CHO H- HO -H 6. OH CH₂OH 5. Draw the alpha-pyranose of the following carbohydrate CHO -H H -OH H -OH HO HO H HO Draw the alpha-pyranose of the following carbohydrate CH₂OH H- CHO -H -OH H -ОН CH₂OH