Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and Pi, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?

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2. The electron transfer potential of NADH and FADH2, relative to O2, drives oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Oxidation of NADH occurs by the following reaction (1) : (1) 0.5 02 + NADH + H* H20 + NAD* The reaction above can be expressed in terms of the following half reactions: (2) 0.5 O2 + 2 H* + 2 e > H20 (3) NAD+ + 2 H* + 2 e → NADH E. E, = -0.32 V = +0.82 V Calculate AE'" and AGO for the oxidation of NADH (Reaction 1). а. b. What is AG'º for the synthesis of ATP from ADP? c. Using your results from Parts (a) and (b), explain how the electron transfer potential of NADH drives ATP synthesis.

Actual free-energy change is a function of the reactant and product concentrations and the temperature at which the reaction occurs. AG = Go + RT In Use the equation for the actual free-energy change to plot AG against In Q at 25 °C for the five concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P₁ shown in the table. The AG' for the reaction is -30.5 kJ/mol. Concentration (mm) 0.2 5.0 14.9 O O AG (kJ/mol) Metabolite ATP ADP P₁ Select the graph that plots the data. AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -~ 0 200 0 -200 [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b -400 T 2 5 0.2 10 2 T 4 3 2.2 12.1 InQ 6 4 InQ 6 8 1 4.2 14.1 10 8 5 25 10 AG (kJ/mol) AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -10 -8 0 -20 -40 -6 -4 InQ -2 0