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determine if the enzymes responsible for the induction of tolerance
to pentobarbitone sodium are also induced by TCPOBOP.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Explain and draw the general mechanism of edurant (rilpivirine) and how it binds to its target.If extracellular Ca2+ was returned to normal, but no Mg2+ was present in your preparation, what do predict would happen to the threshold to induce LTP? Give a brief rationale for your prediction.On the basis of the structure of tetrodotoxin , propose a mechanism by which the toxin inhibits Na+ flow through the Na+ channel.
- Estimate the concentration of norepinephrine at which the response reaches 50% (disregard that there are two curves) express the concentration in microM. List the concentrations at which the response was tested.Describe at least two mechanisms by which angiotensin II targets the kidneys to increase extracellular fluid volume and, therefore, increase blood pressure.The Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal tubule to minimize spillover of the glucose into the urine (See diagram attached) a) Consider the Na+-glucose coupling ratios for SGLT2 and SGLT1. Why would localization of SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule and SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule be advantageous? b) The Michaelis constant (Km) for the SGLT2 and SGLT1 transporters are 2 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Is SGLT2 or SGLT1 the higher affinity Na+-glucose transporter? d) Dapagliflozin is an SGLT1 inhibitor and commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Why would this be of benefit to a diabetes patient?
- Present the rationale for clinical applications of renin-angiotensin inhibitors. What are the major side effects?Describe the changes that occur in each step of the mechanism. (The probable mechanism of action of chymotrypsin)Discuss the role of vitamin D in regulating extracellularCa2+ concentration.
- Contrast inhibition of excitation at the NMJ by curare & tetrodotoxin. Focusing on the mechanisms of inhibition, the exact step in the process that is inhibited, and the physiological consequences.Explain the Mechanism of action of RAAS in response to fall in NaClSome patients take ATP-powered H+ pump inhibitors, also known asproton pump inhibitors (PPIs), to control acid reflux. Predict the effect,if any, of long-term, high-dose use of PPIs on blood Ca2+levels.
