Describe the role of mitochondria in initiating apoptosis? Please answer the question according to the picture.please answer one short paragraph only. if you can make it in bullet points that would be great.please only short answer including points stated in the attached slide. The MitochondriaPlay an InitiatingRole in ApoptosisDNAdamageCytochrome cApaf-1 (apoptosisprotease activatingfactor-1)Procaspase-9monomers(inactive)StressMeATPApoptosome causes dimer-ization of procaspase-9,creating active caspase-9dimers.ROS DevelopmentalsignalPermeability transitionpore complex opens.Procaspase-3Procaspase-7 caspase-7.Cytochrome cmoves to cytosol.Binding of cytochrome cand ATP induces Apaf-1 toform an apoptosome.ApoptosomeCaspase-9 catalyzesproteolytic activationof caspase-3 andCaspase-9dimers(active)These caspases lead to deathand reabsorption of the cell.Caspase-3Caspase-7Cell death

Often called the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria are a double-membraned cell organelle found in…

Describe the role of mitochondria in initiating apoptosis? Please answer the question according to the picture. please answer one short paragraph only. if you can make it in bullet points that would be great. please only short answer including points stated in the attached slide.

Describe the role of mitochondria in initiating apoptosis? Please answer the question according to the picture. please answer one short paragraph only. if you can make it in bullet points that would be great. please only short answer including points stated in the attached slide.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter31: Completing The Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, And Degradation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: H -ОН H-OH H— CH₂OPO3²- CH₂ HO-LH H-OH H-OH ÖH2OPO32- 2-О3РО. со (D) 2-3РОН2 (A) 2-O3PO O_CO CH₂…

A: There are three Aromatic amino acids: Phe, Tyr and Trp. All of them are synthesized from common…

Q: Preparation: Please review the notes from D2L as well as the presentations provided in the unit plan…

A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by the oxidation…

Q: Proteins undergo a process, called folding to establish their final, functional configuration.…

A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA contains the information needed to synthesize…

Q: Using good details, compare and contrast the pairs of different biochemical reactions. Create your…

A: Hi, since you have asked multiple questions, as we are authorized to solve one main question at a…

Q: phosphoryl group OH inorganic phosphate (P₁) P-OCH₂, O 0 H H H H OH OH adenosine diphosphate (ADP)…

A: The conversion of Inorganic phosphate (iP) and ADP to ATP and water molecule requires a enzyme…

Q: Draw the structures of the products formed by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide at…

A: Hydrolysis of the tripeptide Val-Gly-Ile will be the three respective amino acid residues of the…

Q: Coupled reactions occur where a nonspontaneous reaction is enabled by coupling it to a spontaneous…

A: A coupled biological reaction is a type of reaction that combines two or more chemical reactions.…

Q: The image below shows the urea cycle. Based on the information in the image, which of the following…

A: The urea cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia. It is a sequence…

Q: Oxidative decarboxylations— involve loss of CO2 and the production of NADH. do not occur…

A: INTRODUCTION: Oxidation response where the carboxyl molecule is eliminated as carbon dioxide.…

Q: Given the active site below, which best describes the mechanism(s) of catalysis? 1 5 NH i 2 Mn2 "H₂N…

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…

Q: Some enzymes can be regulated by covalent modification, in which a group is covalently bonded to an…

A: Phosphorylation is a type of covalent modification where a phosphate group is added to either the…

Q: Use the data in the graph above to estimate a KM value for the enzyme in the presence of these…

A: Enzyme are proteins molecules that catalyse the biochemical reactions. They are very crucial for…

Q: i) Write down the equation derived from your Excel generated standard curve and describe its…

A: In spectrophotometry, a standard curve is used to determine the concentration of unknown sample. A…

Q: Titration curve of an unknown amino acid The graph below shows a curve, which was obtained…

A: Amino acids are building blocks of protein, it is composed of amino group, carboxyl group and an R…

Q: In order to metabolize lactose, most infants express the enzyme lactase in their intestines. How…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in most organisms and is the primary pathway for the…

Q: You have discovered a new amino acid that you name in honor of your favorite course.…

A: The titration curve of an amino acid shows the change in pH as an acid or base is added to the…

Q: Why is it important for hairpin loop to have a Tm melting temp to be less than the Ta annealing…

A: Tm, the melting temperature of an oligonucleotide duplex, is defined as the temperature at which the…

Q: . The induced fit conformational change in hexokinase occurs when— the allosteric site is…

A: Hexokinase is the enzyme found in the cytoplasm that catalyses the addition of phosphate to glucose…

Q: Describe the unique fate of organic carbon and phosphorus during sequential anaerobic-aerobic…

A: Sequential anaerobic-aerobic cycling refers to a wastewater treatment process that involves…

Q: Consider analysis of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerols (fish oil) and/or fatty…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons. They…

Q: Dehalogenase enzymes catalyze the clevage of C-X bonds. One such dehalogenase catalyzes the…

A: A dehalogenase enzyme removes a halogen atom from a substrate. It is found in certain bacteria such…

Q: Which of the following enzymes are inhibited by corticosteroids? a) Lipoxygenase only b) COX-1 only…

A: Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are involved in a variety of physiological…

Q: Inulin is a type of fat. is a synbiotic. is usually taken to relieve gas. is a fructose polymer. is…

A: Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients that provide energy to the body. They are…

Q: 1. There are two major categories of enzyme, inhibition, name, and describe them. 1a. Reverse…

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an…

Q: Describe how temperature affects the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction.

A: All proteins are composed of monomers called amino acids. The amino acids form particular bonds with…

Q: How can heme be removed from the extracted DNA in Blood?

A: Heme is a molecule that contain iron. Numerous proteins, such as myoglobin and hemoglobin, depend on…

Q: 15.3) In the previous problem, you drew the products for the phosphorylation of ADP reaction (shown…

A: Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, and in the case of ADP, it…

Q: 15.3) In the previous problem, you drew the products for the phosphorylation of ADP reaction (shown…

A: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an important molecule in the cell that serves as a source of energy…

Q: Disorders of the formation of which compound may be associated with the development of seizures.

A: Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the…

Q: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that presents in…

A: The branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex consists of multiple subunit. It is found in…

Q: Exaplain the biodegradation of nitrates. Provide a chemical formula to show this process

A: Biodegradation is the natural process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler…

Q: Name the dipeptide using three-letter abbreviations.

A: A dipeptide is composed of 2 amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. The amino acids can be…

Q: By analysis of the kinetics of interconversion of (1-13C]FBP and [6-13C]FBP and the appearance of…

A: Anaerobiosis is the phenomenon of existence of life under anaerobic (absence of O2) conditions.

Q: When completely metabolized, a hexose molecule yields the energy of 36 ATP molecules. Which step of…

A: Cellular respiration is a process in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy that…

Q: 22. When yeast produce ethanol from glucose, the reaction of acetaldehyde to form ethanol directly—…

A: Fermentation of ethanol is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where…

Q: 3. Explain the amphibolic role of TCA cycle.

A: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an important metabolic route in cells. It is also known as the…

Q: Question 1 How many net ATP are made per glucose during glycolysis? O a.0 O b. 1 OC. 2 O d.5 O e. 8…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway and first step in cellular respiration in which a glucose molecule…

Q: Which of the following is a mechanism of catalysis by co-enzymes? 1. They form intermediate covalent…

A: Co-enzymes are small, non-protein organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry…

Q: 4+ Predict the effects of the following on glycogen metabolism and briefly explain your choice.…

A: Glycogen debranching enzymes helps in glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles. The enzyme glucose…

Q: The data to the right were collected for the myosin-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP. Use these data to…

A: In order to solve this problem, first we need to use the same unit for each parameter of [ATP] and…

Q: An uncatalyzed reaction progresses at a rate of 20micromoles per minute while the same reaction in…

A: Proteins that function as catalysts in biological reactions are known as enzymes. They speed up…

Q: 13.4) In the previous problem, you drew the predominant form of leucine at pH= 1.0, pH = 7.4, and pH…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon…

Q: 8. What is true of the organic molecules that can be used in aerobic cellular respiration? a. b. C.…

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert nutrients (such as glucose) into energy…

Q: 3. Why is rubisco considered to be the most important enzyme in earth? ✓✓

A: Rubisco, short for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, is an enzyme that plays a…

Q: A student purified a protein, resulting in a fraction with a volume of 240 µL. The sample has a…

A: Protein are measured by spectrophotometer. They absorb the ultraviolet radiations at specific…

Q: What enzyme is inhibited by the group of medications known as statins? a)HMG-CoA synthase…

A: Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.

Q: 21. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF B-OXIDATION OF SATURATED EVEN CARBON FATTY ACID (PALMITIC ACID) ALONG WITH…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: 9) The and the determines the function. of amino acids determine the a. properties, bonds, and order…

A: Proteins are the macro molecules that are made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Peptide…

Q: a. At a low O₂ pressure the [Select] hemoglobin is in a [Select] [Select] [Select] [Select] heme,…

A: Hemoglobin is a globular protein, ie it is roughly spherical. It is a tetramer of two types of…

Q: Predict the effects of the following on the flux through the listed pathways. Mark whether the rate…

A: There are different pathways of glucose metabolism. The are glycolysis, gluconeogenesis,…

Question

Describe the role of mitochondria in initiating apoptosis?

Please answer the question according to the picture.

please answer one short paragraph only. if you can make it in bullet points that would be great.

please only short answer including points stated in the attached slide.

The Mitochondria
Play an Initiating
Role in Apoptosis
DNA
damage
Cytochrome c
Apaf-1 (apoptosis
protease activating
factor-1)
Procaspase-9
monomers
(inactive)
Stress
Me
ATP
Apoptosome causes dimer-
ization of procaspase-9,
creating active caspase-9
dimers.
ROS Developmental
signal
Permeability transition
pore complex opens.
Procaspase-3
Procaspase-7 caspase-7.
Cytochrome c
moves to cytosol.
Binding of cytochrome c
and ATP induces Apaf-1 to
form an apoptosome.
Apoptosome
Caspase-9 catalyzes
proteolytic activation
of caspase-3 and
Caspase-9
dimers
(active)
These caspases lead to death
and reabsorption of the cell.
Caspase-3
Caspase-7
Cell death

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1: Mitochondria

VIEW

Step 2: Explanation

VIEW

Solution

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Similar questions

FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ___________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells. contractile ring cell plate cytoskeletom septum
DNA damage can suppress the activity of the following cyclin-dependent kinases EXCEPT G1/S-Cdk S-Cdk M-Cdk G1-Cdk Which phenomenon allows the formation of double and triple bonds between carbon atoms? * Reduction Radioactivity Oxidation Hybridization If an agent that disrupts microtubules activity was added to cells at M phase, the cells will ble expected to get arrested at Anaphase O Metaphase O Prophase Telophase O 0 O
Development of the nematode Caenorhabditis ele-gans generates exactly 959 somatic cells; it also producesan additional 131 cells that are later eliminated by apop-tosis. Classical genetic experiments in C. elegans isolatedmutants that led to the identification of the first genesinvolved in apoptosis. Of the many mutations affectingapoptosis in the nematode, none have ever been found inthe gene for cytochrome c. Why do you suppose that sucha central effector molecule in apoptosis was not found inthe many genetic screens for “death” genes that have beencarried out in C. elegans?
Progression through the cell cycledepends on the phosphorylationof hundreds of different proteins bycyclin–Cdk complexes. What are themolecular mechanisms ensuring thatthese proteins are phosphorylated atprecisely the right time and place?
Answer Structures Function Centrioles 1. Composed of proteins and rRNAs Cytosol 2. Region in prokaryotes contains a chromosome 3. ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (9+2 axoneme) Plasma membrane 4. Support the cell and protect against plasmolysis Ribosome 5. Composed of glycoprotein(s) and involved in transferring material into or out of the cell Transporters 6. contain hydrolytic enzymes and involved in autophagy Receptor 7. Composed of microtubules and sweep mucus out of respiratory tract 14 Peroxisome 8. Controls which material can get in or out of the cell 2 Nucleoid 9. Contains chromosomes and has nuclear envelope 3 Cilia 10. Maintain membrane fluidity 11. contains…
Artificially induced apoptosis (controlled cellular death) is found to be an effective treat- ment for some forms of cancer. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which apoptosis might be induced? A B с D by causing ribosomes to increase the rate of protein synthesis by triggering the division of mitochondria in the cell to increase ATP production by increasing the expression of membrane-bound glucose protein channels by causing lysosomes to release digestive enzymes into the cytosol
Predict the location(s) (intracellular or extracelular) and a brief description of WHY based on your knowledge of the transport processes in the following constructs. Assume a start codon is present and include any proteolytic processing that would be likely. 1. A PTS1 C-term peroxisomal targeting seq added to C term of a normally secreted protein with usual N -terminal signal sequence 2. Adding of N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence to protein with internal nuclear localization seq. 3. Adding N-terminal signal sequence of secreted protein to N-terminus a mitochondria matrix protein precursor with mitochondrial targeting sequence still present
Stimulation of map kinase can help regulate cell division and cell mass. the following effects of map kinase activation explains an increase in cell mass. Phosphorylation of RSK (kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal subunit. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain Phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase phosphorylation of histone H1 none of these
Answer Structures Function Centrioles 1. Composed of proteins and rRNAs Cytosol 2. Region in prokaryotes contains a chromosome Golgi complex 3. ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (9+2 axoneme) Plasma membrane 4. Support the cell and protect against plasmolysis Ribosome 5. Composed of glycoprotein(s) and involved in transferring material into or out of the cell Transporters 6. contain hydrolytic enzymes and involved in autophagy Receptor 7. Composed of microtubules and sweep mucus out of respiratory tract Peroxisome 8. Controls which material can get in or out of the cell Nucleoid 9. Contains chromosomes and has nuclear envelope Cilia 10. Maintain membrane fluidity 11. contains necessary enzymes for that…
All of the following participate in apoptosis except Bcl-2. mitochondria. death signals. APC ubiquitin ligase activity. caspases.
HC CH reaction with HC CH lysosome CH CH HC CH3 HC CH3 HC CH HC. CH CH3 CH3 ОН OH inside the cell, propranolol sometimes encounters lysosomes, which alter its NH group as shown above (right). reacting with the lysosomes, propranolol becomes trapped inside the cell and can cause psoriasis or other inflammatory side effects. Use IMFS to explain why the altered propranolol gets trapped. T
Cleavage Ligand Precursor Receptor Inactive Receptor Active Cell Membrane 6. The figure above shows a model of a ligand precursor being cleaved to produce an active ligand that binds to a specific receptor. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the binding of the active ligand to its receptor? (A) A change in the cytoskeletal attachment of transmembrane proteins (B) The presence of a large amount of the precursor form of the ligand (C) An increase in the ratio of the number of unsaturated to the number of saturated fatty acid tails of the membrane lipids (D) A mutation in the receptor gene that causes a substitution of a charged amino acid for a nonpolar amino acid in the ligand binding site of the receptor