Describe the phenomenon of clonal selection as it pertains to B lymphocytes. Make sure to mention MEMORY, DIVERSITY and why the response is considered to be ACQUIRED.

Q: 6. Why have different classes of antibodies (i.e. IgD, IgE)?

A: In warm-blooded creatures i.e mammals, antibodies are ordered into five fundamental classes or…

Q: A diagram of an antibody IgG molecule is given below. Indicate the locations of the following items…

A: An antibody (also called immunoglobulin) is produced by the immune system of our body that binds to…

Q: 1. usually, what type of molecules are present in the peripheral SMAC? 2. usually, what type of cell…

A: ANSWER;- 1. In the center is the central supramolecular initiation complex or cSMAC, which contains…

Q: Active immunity generally lasts longer than passive immunity. A. True B. False

A: Active immunity happens when our own immune system is liable for protecting us from a pathogens.…

Q: 3.Histamine is a signaling molecule that plays a significant role in regulating immune responses…

A: Histamine is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a role in local immunological responses, as…

Q: 2. There are many theories on how/why some people develop autoimmune disease. In terms of clonal…

A: When the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues the  autoimmune disorders develop.…

Q: Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4,…

A: Answer : Option "E" is correct - IgM and IgG

Q: 1. These cells can release factors that can induce programmed death of a target cell, release…

A: Introduction: Immunity is referred to as the host's resistance against any foreign antigen,…

Q: 9. After binding to an antigen, T cells activate and differentiate into one of three cell types.…

A: Answer : T cell divided into three types of T cells when bonded with an antigen these are :…

Q: 2. What are the two main phagocytic cell types involved in innate immunity? How do they know what to…

A: Phagoytic cells are cells which provide natural defence against pathogens invading blood or tissue.…

Q: 2. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, a patient will receive a mixture of antibodies against…

A: The treatment described involves the use of antivenom, which contains a mixture of antibodies…

Q: All of the following are functions of antibodies except: 1) opsonization 2) destruction of pathogens…

A: Antibody or immunoglobulins (Ig) are circulating glycoprotein molecules secreted by B- lymphocyte…

Q: During inflammation, basophils release an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called…

A: In the human body, blood is considered the fluid that plays a significant role in the transportation…

Q: 17. What type of immunity is responsible for agglutination of viruses? A. passive immunity B. cell…

A: 'Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question [17] for you. If you want…

Q: 2. If the thymus of an experimental animal is removed immediately following birth, the animal…

A: Introduction: The thymus gland is the central lymphoid organ. It helps differentiate immunologically…

Q: 2. Which of the following macromolecules usually act as the best immunogens? A. Carbohydrates C.…

A: Hi.Thank you for the question. As per the honor code, we are allowed to answer three sub-parts at a…

Q: 4. Monoclonal antibodies structure, types and molecular mechanisms of action. Clonal selection…

A: An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by the immune system in response…

Q: 6. Describe what prompts a cell to produce interferon and the effects interferon has on the infected…

A: Protein compounds called interferons modify the immunological response of the host to defend against…

Q: 7. True or false?  The only way to achieve active immunity to a disease is to have been infected…

A: Immunity to a disease is achieved through  the presence of antibodies  . The person gets infected…

Q: What are the functional differences between B cells and T cells?

A: Immune system is defined as the complex network of biological processes where it play a major role…

Q: The actions of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system often overlap. Why do you think…

A: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend…

Q: Describe 2 distinct mechanisms by which an autoimmune disease can be manifested.  Explain exactly…

A: This is an abnormal immune response in which the antibodies reacts with the self cells triggering a…

Q: 1. Serum levels of which antibody is indicative of recent infection?? which antibody isotypes…

A: Antibodies are specialized, Y-shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key to the body's foreign…

Q: 4.Which of the following immune responses occurs when a cytotoxic T cell is activated? Note: This is…

A: Cytotoxic T cells:  A cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell) is a lymphocyte that is responsible for…

Q: 1. Differentiate between Competitive and non-competitive immunoassay

A: "In the case of multiple questions, we only solve the first one. If you want any other question to…

Q: 1. Explain the difference between Innate and Adaptive Immunity?

A: Immunology is a discipline of medical and biological sciences that studies the immune system. The…

Q: Reasons for breaking immune tolerance.

A: Introduction -  Definition: unresponsiveness to an antigen induced by exposure of lymphocytes to…

Q: 10. Following a rattlesnake bite, a patient is injected with horse anti-rattlesnake venom serum. Ten…

A: Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction: Type II hypersensitivity reactions are caused by the activation…

Q: 10. What specific kinds of host cells do helper T cells respond to?

A: Because they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses, helper T cells are arguably the…

Q: 3. Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity…

A: Everyday we are are exposed to large number of infection agents. However, only few of these…

Q: 15.In innate immunity, physical and chemical barriers serve as the human body's first line of…

A:

Q: Describe in detail the type of immune reaction someone would have on their first and second…

A: Introduction - Toxicodendron radicans is the poison ivy plant in the eastern United States, and…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.