Describe the phenomenon of clonal selection as it pertains to B lymphocytes. Make sure to mention MEMORY, DIVERSITY and why the response is considered to be ACQUIRED.

Q: 6. Why have different classes of antibodies (i.e. IgD, IgE)?

A: In warm-blooded creatures i.e mammals, antibodies are ordered into five fundamental classes or…

Q: 5. Which types of cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity?…

A: B and T cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity. B cell…

Q: Discuss the importance of immunity as it relates to the various immunizing drugs and their use in…

A: Antibodies are isolated and administered to the patients to fight against a specific infection. This…

Q: Describe the gross anatomy and histology of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen?

A: We know that Lymph node, thymus, and spleen are the parts of the immune system of the body. The…

Q: 1. usually, what type of molecules are present in the peripheral SMAC? 2. usually, what type of cell…

A: ANSWER;- 1. In the center is the central supramolecular initiation complex or cSMAC, which contains…

Q: 33. Give a brief explanation of clonal selection and expansion

A: Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recogonizes an…

Q: The allergic response is caused by ___ that secrete large amounts of allergens bind to , --- when…

A: Given: The allergic response is caused.

Q: 17. The most proinflammatory potent innate immune cytokines are TNF and IL 1 TNF O IL 1 IL 10

A: Cytokines, known as a broad category of small secreted proteins play an important role in cell…

Q: 13. What happens to newly created B and T cells with antigen receptors that happen to match the…

A: A lymphocyte is a type of WBC in the immune system of most vertebrates. These lymphocytes include T…

Q: 8. Where are the antigens that T cells recognize and bind to?

A: Antigen is a substance that enters the body and starts a process that can cause disease. The body…

Q: 8. Clonal Selection Hypothesis is the most accepted theory for how immune cells respond to specific…

A: 8. Clonal Selection Hypothesis is the most accepted theory for how immune cells respond to specific…

Q: Describe in 3 to 5 sentences the location and functions of lymph nodes in the body.

A: Lymphatic system is a system that form parts of circulatory system and immune system. It includes a…

Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.

A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…

Q: 2. Differentiate the different types of immunity. avlevalay rosod

A: Immunity is the capacity of an organism to resist or defend against pathogenic microbes or toxic…

Q: . Compare and contrast positive and negative selection of T-lymphocytes and what is meant by central…

A: Lymphocytes -- These are small round cells  with a prominent nucleus which distinguish  them from…

Q: Three Function of lymphatic system?

A: We know that The lymphatic system is a part of an immune system that is made up of hundreds of lymph…

Q: 1. List and describe 4 examples of barrier defenses.

A: Introduction  Natural barriers and the immune system protect the body against infection-causing…

Q: 2. There are many theories on how/why some people develop autoimmune disease. In terms of clonal…

A: When the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues the  autoimmune disorders develop.…

Q: Contrast the Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses. How do these differences allow for…

A: Antibody response is the reaction between antibodies produced by the immune cells and the antigens…

Q: Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the spleen and lymph nodes.

A: Human anatomy is the scientific study of the adult human's morphology. It's broken down into two…

Q: 4. Three major activation pathways of the complement system. Bridging the innate vs adaptive…

A: The complement system is a complex system of proteins and enzymes that work together to help the…

Q: 9. After binding to an antigen, T cells activate and differentiate into one of three cell types.…

A: Answer : T cell divided into three types of T cells when bonded with an antigen these are :…

Q: Describe the changes in innate immunity due to immunosenescence.

A: It is our immune system that protects our body against infections and diseases. It regulates wound…

Q: Clonal Selection Hypothesis is the most accepted theory for how immune cells respond to specific…

A: Introduction  The clonal selection hypothesis has become a generally accepted concept for how the…

Q: 2. What are the two main phagocytic cell types involved in innate immunity? How do they know what to…

A: Phagoytic cells are cells which provide natural defence against pathogens invading blood or tissue.…

Q: Which of the following will not be affected by complete irrediation (destruction) of the red bone…

A: There are 3 main components:- erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and…

Q: 2. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, a patient will receive a mixture of antibodies against…

A: The treatment described involves the use of antivenom, which contains a mixture of antibodies…

Q: It is the first step of the Non-specific host resistance and the immune system itself.

A: Immune system  Immune system is ability of the body to fight with foreign objects like bacteria,…

Q: 5. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte that increases in early stages of bacterial infections is the

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, thymus, spleen and other…

Q: Describe three (3) principal ways in which immune system fails

A: There are many reason for the immune system failure. Described in following.

Q: Discuss 10 factors affecting immune responses.

A: An immune response refers to the coordinated series of physiological processes and mechanisms that…

Q: 2.Describe the relationship between physical activity and immune function and disease…

A: The ability of the organism to recognize and differentiate between the self and non-self particles…

Q: . True or False: Negative selection of transitional B cells in the spleen removes B cell clones…

A: Introduction :- During the selection of B-cells in the bone marrow , There are million of B-cells…

Q: 5. The spleen acts as a graveyard for red blood cells O True False

A: Reb Blood cells or red blood corpuscles are one of the three main types of blood cells. The role of…

Q: immunosenescence.

A: Immunosenescence refers to the age-associated decline of the immune system which may contribute to…

Q: 4. One of the main differences between an immature B cell and a plasma cell is the amount of…

A: Cells are the basic elements of all living organisms. A human body is made up of billions of cells.…

Q: Define the role of the Thymus in the immune system.

A: The human body consists of various systems one such is an immune system that consists of various…

Q: 7. Types and biological features of cytokines and their receptors. Recombinant cytokines. Risks,…

A: Protecting against infectious diseases, the immune response also plays a critical role in the body's…

Q: 7. True or false?  The only way to achieve active immunity to a disease is to have been infected…

A: Immunity to a disease is achieved through  the presence of antibodies  . The person gets infected…

Q: Describe 4 types of specific immunity

A: Immune system provides immunity or protection against foreign substances by involving specific…

Q: Pathogens have evolved a number of ways to "thwart" adaptive immunity. Describe two mechanisms used…

A: Adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity is defined as immunity that is developed due to an encounter…

Q: Types of immunological tolerance

A: Immunological tolerance is a state in which the immune system does not mount an immune response…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.