Q: Differentiate between zoonotic, enzootic and epizootic disease.
A: Communicable infections are sicknesses brought about by infections or bacteria that individuals…
Q: Explain several practices an individual can use to avoid entericinfection and disease at home and…
A: Enteric diseases are usually transmitted through food and water, and direct contact. Simple…
Q: Explain the factors contributing to pathogenicity and virulence of microbes.
A: Not all microbes are pathogenic, only the microbes having the potential to cause disease is known as…
Q: Identify typical signs and symptoms of zoonotic bacterial diseases
A: Introduction We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…
Q: Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxification and bacterial infection…
A: Foodborne infection is originated by the ingestion of food including living bacteria which grow and…
Q: Name the metabolic end products that can facilitate the spread ofstreptococci and initiate secondary…
A: Streptococci is a gram positive bacteria belongs from Streptococcaceae family which causes various…
Q: Which coliform bacteria are the most difficult to distinguish from the Salmonella or Shigella…
A: In humans, Shigella and Salmonella are microorganisms that cause gastroenteritis. Salmonella is the…
Q: Explain about the Bacterial Diseases of Humans ?
A: Bacteria form a group of small unicellular organisms that are found nearly everywhere on Earth. They…
Q: Explain why viral infections are difficult to treat.
A: The virus is a non-living entity. It is the source of a variety of infections. The infection host…
Q: Describe major ways that microorganisms damage their host.
A: A microorganism or microbe is defined as a living thing that is too small and tiny to be visualized…
Q: Explain the signifi cance of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.
A: Nontuberculous mycobacterial or (NTM) disease is a serious infection of lungs caused by bacteria…
Q: Distinguish between food infection and foodpoisoning and give two examples of each.
A: The food poisoning and food born infection are diseases that arise from food. These diseases cause…
Q: Mention and explain two virulence factors of bacterial pathogens
A: Virulence factors are the molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa which…
Q: Explain how the body (including cells, organs, organ systems) is affected by the bacteria Neisseria…
A: The gram-negative bacteria which cause the disease meningitis is called Neisseria meningitides. The…
Q: Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxification and bacterial infection:…
A: Introduction A bacterial disease of the digestive system occurs as a result of bacterial ingestion.…
Q: Explain the importance of carbepenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae infections and identify the…
A: Carbapenem is the class of antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections. They are mainly…
Q: What major virulence factors are produced by Salmonella?
A: The ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host or the degree of pathology caused by the…
Q: Compare and contrast the virulence factors and signs and symptoms of infections with the four main…
A: E.coli also known as Escherichia coli is a rod shaped coliform bacteria which generally lives in…
Q: Mechanisms of virulence by microorganisms include
A: Virulence is defined as the ability of a microorganism to infect the host cell and cause disease.…
Q: Identify the most common bacteria that cause foodborne infections and food poisoning.
A: Foodborne infections or food poisoning is caused by consuming food that is contaminated with…
Q: Correlate zoonotic bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factors
A: Any infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human is known as…
Q: Why is it difficult for the colon to reestablish a beneficial flora after several antibiotic…
A: Each person has a unique microbiota. This microbiota results from genetic inheritance and…
Q: Explain how and why antibacterial treatment for tuberculosis differsfrom that for other bacterial…
A: M. tuberculosis is a very persistent pathogen that survives within phagocytes and outside the host…
Q: Explain why the liver is a common site of secondarycancer.
A: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of the cell. Cancer can cause ionizing radiation, chemical, toxic…
Q: Describe the properties of nonviral infectious particles.
A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…
Q: In both C. difficile–associated disease and bacterial vaginosis, the disease begins when the normal…
A: Intestinal microflora act as a primary line of defense against exogenous microbe invasion, and thus…
Q: What food is a common source of Salmonella infections?
A: The microbes that affect the intestine of an individual are referred to as enteric pathogens. The…
Q: Describe areas of the teeth and gums that support growth of microbes and infections.
A: In this question we discuss the formation of plaque and cavities as it relates to carbohydrates.…
Q: Briefly explain how Salmonella typhi can be isolated and identified from raw milk
A: Salmonellae are known to occur in raw milk, however the recurrence and level are obscure.…
Q: What is a reasonable treatment for an E. coli infection
A: Interferons are used against viruses, so they are widely used for the treatment of chronic viral…
Q: What structures or substances that can increase microbial virulence or pathogenicity and explain the…
A: Microbes are tiny organisms that are both beneficial and harmful to humans.
Q: Explain why antibacterial drugs are not effective againstvirus infections.
A: Antibacterial drugs are drugs that are designed to kill the pathogenic bacteria and the infected…
Q: Identify typical signs and symptoms of food-borne and waterborne bacterial diseases
A: Food- and water-borne illnesses may be caused by toxins created by growing bacteria; toxins produced…
Q: State the significance of E. coli O157:H7.
A: E. coli comprises of a different gathering of microbes. Pathogenic E. coli strains are ordered into…
Q: Explain the importance of using selective media when diagnosing a GI tract infection than when…
A: Once a different creature enters your body and causes illness, an infection occurs. Infections can…
Q: What part of the Escherichia coli cell contains endotoxin?
A: E. coli (Escherichia coli), can be defined as the type of bacteria that resides in our intestines.…
Q: Explain the significance of polymicrobial infections.
A: The invasion of disease-causing agents into an organism's bodily tissues, their proliferation, and…
Q: Explain the Phenomena of Pathogenicity and virulence
A: Pathogenicity and virulence both terms are used relatively to define the relationship of host and…
Q: Identify specific chemotherapeutic treatments to control infection
A: Chemotherapy is a method of cancer treatment that involves the administration of one or more…
Q: Some patients who take antibiotics for acne develop yeast infections of the mouth or genitourinary…
A: Antibiotics are a class of drugs that kill bacteria or inhibit the growth of the bacteria. The…
Q: Define the term virulence and how to determine it.
A: In biology, virulence is defined as the degree to which a pathogenic organism can cause disease.…
Q: Compare toxigenic E. coli disease with invasive disease. How are they different?
A: Introduction: There are various clinical subtypes of diarrhoeal diseases. The condition in which…
Q: Differentiate among lytic infection, latent infection, chronic infection,and transformation.
A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…
Q: Clarify why Clostridium difficile–associated disease is associatedwith the use of antibiotics.
A: Need to clarify why the Clostridium difficile–associated disease is associated with the use of…
Q: Explain strategies used to prevent and treat streptococcal infections.
A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…
Q: Explain each of the following:a. why the clinical signs of infection are notpresent immediately…
A: Infections occurs in the body due to invasion of microorgamism such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and…
Describe the kinds of infections for which E. coli is primarily
responsible.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the gram-negative and coliform bacteria.
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- Explain how the body (including cells, organs, organ systems) is affected by the bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis? Are there any long-term effects caused by the bacterium, even after recovery?Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxification and bacterial infection: prerequisite conditions, causative agents, onset, duration of symptoms, and treatment.differentiate desease from infection. differentiate virulence from pathogenicity.
- Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Question 3 options: A) they produce antibacterial chemicals. B) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they produce lysozyme.Explain the significance of polymicrobial infections.14) When considering virulence factors, which class of virulence factor would be most likely to increase the severity of disease caused by the pathogen possessing the virulence factor, due to this class of virulence factor most likely causing the death of cells? A) extracellular enzymes C) anti-phagocytic factors B) toxins D) adherence factors 15) Which of the following classes of virulence factor is absolutely needed for nearly every infection? In fact, if the organism lacks this factor, it is most likely going to be avirulent (not disease-causing). A) extracellular enzyme B) adherence factor D) anti-phagocytic factor C) exotoxin 16) Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron? A) ferritin B) siderophores C) hemolysin D) transferrin 17) The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to A) attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. B) triggering release of interferons. C) triggering inflammation. D) triggering…
- A.) The difference between direct and indirect contact infection? Example B.) Name methods for breaking down transmission routesWhich statement among A-E is false concerning digestive system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract infections? A) O The more severe forms of gastroenteritis, like dysentery, produce abdominal cramps, fever, and blood. B) ORehydration and electrolyte replacement are typically the treatment for those with GI tract infections. C) O Invasive GI tract infections are caused by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella and certain E coli. D) O Among protozoal pathogens, Giardia is a major cause of gastroenteritis. E) O Most GI tract infections are due to viruses. F) OA-E are all correct.Explain the significance of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.