Describe the structure of a single photosystem (either PSI or PSI) and explain the two energy transfer processes that occur during light absorption.
Q: Explain the photorespiration and photosynthesis relation?
A: photorespiration and photosynthesis are both processes that occur in plants. both the processes are…
Q: If plants described in problem 4 are illuminated by a combination of light of 680 nm and 700 nm, the…
A: Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, are two photosystems. Photosystem I optimally…
Q: Describe and explain the cellular locations and processes of Energetic Coupling (at least 2 types!)…
A: Light and dark reaction are actually stages of photosynthesis. Both reactions occur in chloroplast…
Q: Indicate whether each of the following is produced during thelight-independent or light-dependent…
A: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light…
Q: Identify the photosynthetic pigments required toabsorb the various wavelengths of light necessary…
A: Photosynthesis is defined as the synthesis or production of organic compounds (mainly sugars) from…
Q: Explain what occurs in the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis and…
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants, some bacteria and algae can synthesize food in form of…
Q: rite and label the balanced equations for photosynthesis and respiration.
A: PhotosynthesisIt is the process through which green plants and a few microorganisms turn sunlight…
Q: Both photosynthesis and respiration occur in leaves when they are in the light. If the leaves float,…
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds, by using…
Q: Enlist and explain the agents that effects Phosphorylation or Photophophorylation
A: Phosphorylation is the process of addition of phosphate group to an organic molecule by the enzyme…
Q: Explain the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system and how it connects photosynthetic activity of the light…
A: C3 plants are corn, sorghum, pineapple, cabbage and sugar cane. C3 plants possess the C3 pathway…
Q: Name and describe the two important photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration
A: Photorespiration is a process in which plants take oxygen in the presence of light and produce…
Q: The net equation for oxidative phosphorylation can be written as 2NADH + 2 H+ + O2 →2 H2O + 2 NAD+.…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is carried in the inner side membrane of mitochondria, in which electrons…
Q: Is it reasonable to list standard reduction potentials for the reactions of photosynthesis? Why or…
A: Photosynthesis causes water to be converted to oxygen by oxidation and NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.…
Q: Discuss how photorespiration reduces photosynthetic efficiency.
A: Photorespiration: Evolutionary relic becomes the one common view of photorespiration.…
Q: Give one similarity and two differences between oxidative phosphorylation and the light reaction of…
A: * Light reactions of photosynthesis take place on grana of thylakoid. *The thylakoid membrane…
Q: Differentiate between photolysis and photophosphorylation.
A: Photolysis and photophosphorylation are two important chemical reactions occurring in several…
Q: Describe the major features and chemical events in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
A: The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in the form of sugars by plants, algae, and some…
Q: Explain THREE (3) reasons why photosynthetic rate is reduced under water deficit.
A: Photosynthesis can be defined as the process in which organisms such as green plants use water and…
Q: Write a net equation for the photosynthesis process.
A: Anatomy and physiology are the branches of biology, anatomy deals with the study of the structure of…
Q: List and describe the five stages of the light-dependent reactions.
A: The light-dependent reactions focus on the production of two important molecules including electron…
Q: Define photosynthesis.State the factors affecting photosynthesis
A: Photosynthesis is a process that plays a vital role in certain living organisms. The scholars and…
Q: Describe the process of photosynthesis? What are the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants , algae and some other organisms convert light energy…
Q: Write the overall net reaction for photosyynthetic Co2 fixation. (Take into account both light and…
A: Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants and bacteria use the energy from sunlight…
Q: Explain the reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration.
A: The organisms can be classified as either autotroph which can synthesize their own food such as…
Q: Explain the relationship between light dependent reaction and calvin cycle.
A: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create…
Q: Photosystem I and Photosystem Il are coupled reactions True False
A: A photosystem is a protein complex, a group of two or more proteins, that is essential for the…
Q: Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the…
A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…
Q: Why does CO2 depress photorespiration?
A: Photorespiration : It is a respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen…
Q: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the C3 pathway for photosynthesis. Under which…
A: C3 plant: - Plants that utilizes the C3 pathway as the sole mechanism to convert carbon dioxide into…
Q: Compare and contrast the processes of oxidative and photophosphorylation.
A: In both of the methods and that is passing electrons down a chain in order to create a proton (H+)…
Q: How Does Photorespiration Limit CO2 Fixation?
A: Photorespiration is a process that occurs in plants. In this, plants release carbon dioxide and…
Q: Describe the purpose of the light dependent reaction and light independent reaction (carbon fixation…
A: The plants are multicellular eukaryotes that belong to the Plantae kingdom. The plants are…
Q: Discuss the Calvin cycle and related cycles of photophosphorylation
A: Plants are mainly multicellular plants that have ability to perform photosynthesis and belong to…
Q: What is C2 cycle of photorespiration?
A: The plant, which is a multicellular eukaryotic organism, performs photosynthesis. Plants, which…
Q: Describe and explain the cellular locations and processes of Energetic Coupling (at least 2 types!)…
A: Photosynthesis is a vital process for all plants in order to survive. Plants use the light energy…
Q: Estimate the overall efficiency of photosynthesis and describe where in the pathway energy is…
A: With the aid of chlorophyll and sunshine, green plants use a process called photosynthesis to create…
Q: As the temperatures increase photorespiration tends to increase. Identify and explain the two…
A: The first molecule that should be taken into consideration is the enzyme RUBISCO…
Q: What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for…
A: As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer the first question. Kindly upload rest of the…
Q: Briefly explain how photosystems (I and II) capture light using different photosystems.
A: The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of…
Q: Describe the interactions between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, including the reactants…
A: There is a very strong interaction between photosynthesis and respiration. one process is anabolic…
Q: Describe the patterns of electron flow through light reaction events
A: The light reaction is the photosynthetic process in which energy from the sun is captured and turned…
Q: In what ways does photorespiration differ from aerobic cellular respiration?
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into…
Q: Photosystem I produces a powerful reductant, whereas photosystem II produces a powerful oxidant.…
A: Photosystems are of two types and the photosystem I [PSI] and photosystem II [PSII].each…
Q: Differentiate the cyclic and non- cyclic photophosphorylation.
A: The process of using light energy from photosynthesis to change ADP into ATP is known as…
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- Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.What two events are linked in the physiologic process called excitationcontraction coupling?What happens across the membrane of an electricallyactive cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualizewith static images or through text descriptions. View thisanimation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) toreally understand the process. What is the differencebetween the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what issimilar about the movement of these two ions?
- A. Assumed that the primary contributor to the absorbance of the samplewas due to the hemoglobins. Calculate how much red light the water in the sample absorbed.Explain whether or not ignoring water was a reasonable assumption. (use image down below to solve) B. There are several membrane-bound organelles in cells (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum) that can also have ion channels in their membranes. Sketch anelectrical circuit model of a cell that expresses sodium, calcium, and chloride ion channels in itscellular membrane and calcium and chloride ion channels in its nuclear envelope membrane.Describe the ion movement across the cell membrane during the following stages: resting potential, threshold potential, depolarization, repolarization.Explain the difference between the relative and absolute refractory periods. Briefly describe the cellular events responsible for the refractory period. (Hint: Discuss the mechanism of repolarization).
- Contrast inhibition of excitation at the NMJ by curare & tetrodotoxin. Focusing on the mechanisms of inhibition, the exact step in the process that is inhibited, and the physiological consequences.Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis.Assuming that the resting physiological cytoplasmic and extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ (Ca2+o=1 mM, Ca2+i=0.0001 mM ), Determine the Ca2+ equilibrium potential (VCa)
- After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to…Below find the structures for ibogaine and cocaine. Ibogaine and cocaine inhibit the dopamine active transporter (DAT). This transporter is a secondary active transporter, and depends on the primary active transporter Na+/K+ ATPase. Ibogaine had a Kι = 2 μM, and cocaine a Kι = 0.64 μM respectively. (a) Define secondary active transport. (b) Is ibogaine an effective treatment for cocaine based on DAT binding?The negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membranepotential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of:A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration.B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins.C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluidsD. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channells