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Describe the three major steps in the Calvin cycle and the role of the key enzyme rubisco.
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- Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2Explain the reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration.Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBIsCO?
- Describe the three steps of the Calvin cycle and whenATP and/or NADPH is needed.Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.Briefly describe what happens in the Calvin Benson cycle. What energy drives it?
- Explain, using a simple diagram, the relationship between acyclic photophosphorylation (photophase) and the Calvin cycle (dark phase).Which of the following terms regarding the Calvin cycle are mismatched? a.) rubisco and ATP production b.) PGAL and rearranged from glucose c.) carbon fixation and stromaWhich among the following statements is INCORRECT? The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which is a reaction assisted by large quantities of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which decreases cell carbon dioxide levels, which increases the diffusion gradient. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch, sucrose, cellulose, etc.
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of O2, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. According to a regional scale model, photorespiration currently reduces US soybean and wheat yields by 36% and 20%, respectively, and a 5% reduction in photorespiration losses would be worth around $500 million yearly in the United States. Can you forecast the costs and good advantages of C4 photosynthesis? What factors increase the likelihood that the benefits will outweigh the expenses in hot, dry areas in the United States?
