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match the listed events to note if they would, or would not, occur in a neuron under the effects of tetrodotoxin. the cell has a resting membrane potential of -65mV. You should match these events at the initial segment of a bipolar neuron,
**Answer choice for all ( would occur, would not occur)
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)excitatory and 15 inhibitory postsynaptic potentials appear simultaneously on the plasmatic membrane of motoneuron. Answer the question A and fulfill the task B:A) Will this neuron generate the efferent nervous impulses if the amplitude of single EPSP and IPSP appeared on the axonal hillock`s membrane equals 1 mV? Why?B) Name the state of this neuron and name the type of summation
- Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)Action potentials are “all or none.” Discuss this statement with reference to specific types of channels (60%). Explain what determines the frequency of action potentials (40%).At the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)
- What is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an intracellular potassium concentration of 94 mM and double the normal resting permeability to sodium?A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.Is the resting membrane potential the bases of conduction in nerves and muscle fibers and the presecutors of contraction in muscles?
- Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron with the potassium and sodium equilibrium potentials. Explain how this comparison relates to the relative permeabilities of the resting plasma membrane to these two ions.In the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the action potential (Note: you have to write in where phase 4 occurs). Describe what happens in each phase with a focus on Na+ and K+ flow through channels and the membrane potential. Discuss the importance of threshold. How does this relate to the concept of APs being all or none?[Na*] [K*] This diagram is a drawing of normal conditions that occur in a neuron's axon (not all details are included). This stage that a living neuron would be in, would show that O no positive ions are inside the cell current is traveling down the axon O the cell will be at rest once the Na ions enter the cell O the cell is at rest O Na ions are predominantly outside the cell