Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Please help me answer the questions from a to f using the data provided
Transcribed Image Text:Initial
Final
Temp Temp.
Mass of Mass of
burner H₂O
евь
Mass of
burner
Methanol 110.14g 26.6°C 47.8°C 108.09g| 99.8 ml
Ethanol
108.73g /26.5°C 47.10°C℃/107.51g|/ 98-9 m²
Propan-1-01 113.00g/24.9°C 46.2°C 42.38g 98.7.nd
Butan -1-01 106.54g/24.1°C 47.1°C 105.90g/99-2mL
Pentan-1-01 124.06g|26.8°C/48.2°C/123.55g|94.4 mL
Octan-1-01 | 115.55g |27.1°C / 47.8°C/115.05g|99-1ask
Transcribed Image Text:Combustion of Alcohols
When alcohols burn they produce heat. Do different alco-
hols produce different quantities of heat-do their molar
enthalpies of combustion differ? In this investigation, you
will link your study of thermochemistry to your knowledge
of the molecular structure of alcohols to investigate energy
relationships.
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation is to use calorimetry to
determine the molar enthalpy change in the combustion of
each of a series of alcohols.
Prediction
(a) Predict what should happen to the enthalpies of com-
bustion per mole of alcohol as the alcohol molecules
become larger.
INVESTIGATION 5.3.1 continued
Figure 2
Apparatus for burning alcohols
Alcohols are highly flammable. Do not attempt to
refuel the burners. If refuelling is necessary, ask
your teacher to do so.
Do not move the burners after they are lit.
Procedure
1. Obtain an alcohol burner containing one of the alco-
hols.
Question
centigram or analytical balance
How do the enthalpies of combustion change as the alcohol alcohol burners containing ethanol, propanol, and butanol
molecules become larger (i.e., ethanol to butanol)?
2. Put on your eye protection.
3. Place 100 ml. of cold water in a small can suspended over
an alcohol burner surrounded by a larger can (Figure 2).
4. Measure the mass of the alcohol burner and the tem-
perature of the water.
5. Burn the alcohol such that the heat from the reaction
is transferred as efficiently as possible into the water.
6. Cease heating when the temperature has risen about
20°C.
7. Re-weigh the alcohol burner and remaining alcohol.
O Questioning
O Hypothesizing
Predicting
mbal
O Planning
Materials
lab apron
eye protection
Conducting
Recording
● Analyzing
Evaluating
Communicating
Experimental Design
You will burn measured masses of a series of alcohols, and
calculate the amount of each alcohol burned. Assume that
the energy produced is transferred to a measured volume of
water, the temperature change of which is calculated. The
enthalpy change involved in the combustion of one mole of
each alcohol can then be calculated and compared.
thermometer
small tin can, open at one end, and cut under the rim on
opposite sides
stirring rod
ring stand with iron ring
large tin can, open at both ends, with vent openings cut
around the rim at the base
100-ml. graduated cylinder
Analysis
(b) Assume that 100 mL of water has a mass of 100 g. For
each of the alcohols, calculate and tabulate:
(i) the heat absorbed by the water in the calorimeter,
which equals the heat produced by alcohol
burning
(ii) the heat produced per gram of alcohol;
(iii) the amount (in moles) of alcohol burned;
(iv) the heat produced per mole of alcohol.
(c) Write a thermochemical equation to represent the
burning of 1 mol of each of the alcohols, including
your experimental value for AH comb
(d) Use the four methods described in Section 3.3 to rep-
resent the experimentally determined enthalpy
change for the burning of 2 mol of ethanol.
(e) Use your representations to answer the question.
Evaluation
(f) What are the sources of experimental error in this
experiment?
(g) Accepted values for combustion of the three alcohols
are: 1369 kJ/mol, 2008 kJ/mol, and 3318 kJ/mol.
Calculate a percentage difference between your exper-
imental value and the accepted values. Based on this
calculation, was the Experimental Design an accept-
able method to answer the Question?
Synthesis
(h) If you were in the business of buying, transporting.
and storing alcohols for use as home-heating fuels,
which of these alcohols would you choose to work
with? Explain.
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