d. Between which two regions on the DNA will the polyadenylation signal be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region. e. Between which two regions on the DNA will the first Shine-Dalgarno / Ribosome Binding Sequence be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region.
Q: Describe the different stages that process of Protein synthesis.
A: Protein synthesis is the cycle where cells make proteins. It happens in two phases: transcription…
Q: c) Give an account of how messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced in the cell nucleus (transcription) and…
A: Hoe mRNA is produced in cell nucleus : in molecular biology messenger RNA ( ribonucleic acid ) is a…
Q: II. Do what is asked A. 1. a. Use the codon given below to complete the following table. Assume that…
A:
Q: II. Give the translation of the segment of a polypeptide chain below. Specify your template strand.…
A: The template strand is a DNA strand that functions as a template for the synthesis of complementary…
Q: Describe the process of translation, focusing on the role of mRNA, ribosomes, ribosome-binding…
A: All the living cells are made up of protein, which act as building blocks for every organism. These…
Q: Describe the process of protein synthesis and associated post translational modifications.
A: Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of…
Q: Explain the process of translation, including location, processes, and molecules involved
A: Replication, transcription, and translation are the basic process in the molecular dogma of the…
Q: Describe the effects of changing the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the…
A: The promoter is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) element that binds to the RNA (ribonucleic acid)…
Q: Compare the severity of DNA mutations that produce the following changes in mRNA codons:(a) GCU to…
A: The genetic material is transferred to the next generation through reproduction. The sequence of the…
Q: Indicate 2 ways which ensure DNA fidelity when carrying the message to protein which occur in the…
A: DNA fidelity refers to the ability of the DNA polymerase to avoid or rectify the errors made in the…
Q: a) Identify three types of RNA and provide a description of each and the role they play in protein…
A: a. Mejor type or RNA is 1. Messanger RNA (mRNA) 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)…
Q: Number the following steps of protein synthesis in the order in which they occur, starting with 1…
A: Central dogma involves transcribing the information from DNA to RNA and from RNA to protein…
Q: Discuss protein folding and misfolding. Give two consequences (or examples) of protein misfolding…
A: Proteins are large, complex macromolecules in nature. They are known to perform various functions in…
Q: Describe what is happening at each of the four stages of translation shown in the above diagram-
A: The translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA molecule is…
Q: a. Describe the different stages that occur during the translation process of Protein Synthesis. (b)…
A: To get the remaining sub-parts solved, please repost the complete question and mention the sub-parts…
Q: Which would be more harmful to a cell, a mutation in DNA or a transcription mistake that leads to an…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are genetic materials, which are…
Q: Explain how tRNA is activated, including the role of a specifictRNA activating enzyme, ATP and amino…
A: The different types of tRNA is identified by a specific TRNA activating enzyme. The molecule of tRNA…
Q: The “zipper” of a leucine zipper protein attaches (a) specific amino acids to specific DNA base…
A: Introduction: Proteins are macromolecules that form when amino acids connect to each other. The bond…
Q: Explain how the DNA code may be copied, and describe the basicfunctions of RNA.
A: The basic process of copying DNA is called DNA replication. DNA is copied and a new molecule of DNA…
Q: a. Identify the following elements on the diagram. Aminoacyl site (A) Peptidyl site (P) Exit site…
A: During translation, a ribosome contains 3 different RNA binding sites: A site is an aminoacyl or…
Q: Compare transcription to translation. Which of the process is mostly related to errors?
A: Transcription vs Translation Initiation- The transcription process is the beginning of the gene…
Q: (c) With the indication of sense strand, template strand, the direction of transcription, provide…
A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…
Q: 3’-T A C G G A C T G A C G A T C-5’ What is its Complementary DNA sequence? mRNA sequence…
A: The term mutation refers to the change of DNA sequence which occurs either due to errors in DNA…
Q: Explain the DNA translation process
A: DNA Translation: The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA…
Q: Using seven numbered steps, describe the process of translation.
A: Translation : It is the process of translating the sequence of mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino…
Q: a. Write the sequence of the MRNA synthesized from the upper strand. b. Indicate the 5'and 3'ends of…
A: Answer : a. Sequence of mRNA synthesized from the upper stand - 5' AUGCCAUUUUGA 3' b. 5' and 3' ends…
Q: Identify the type of mutation present in the CDS and discuss the implications on the protein.
A: Mutations are random alteration in the DNA structure which leads to mis-reading of Information on…
Q: B. Transcript and Translate the following: DNA-TACTGATCGACCCCCATA ATGAAAATCGGGCCC MRNA- AA- DNA -…
A: Coding DNA strand and mRNA has same sequence except T in DNA and U in RNA mRNA - Complementary to…
Q: Match the activity with the part of the gene.
A: A promoter is a DNA sequence to which proteins attach and which initiates transcription of a single…
Q: Describe what happens to the transcribed mRNA before it can leave the nucleus and be used for…
A: Introduction Messenger RNA (mRNA):- It is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein…
Q: Indicate the phase of protein synthesis during which each of the following processes occurs: a. A…
A: The process of synthesis of proteins is called translation. Translation occurs in mainly three…
Q: b) How does accuracy of aminoacylation during tRNA charging regulated to ensure fidelity of genetic…
A: Answer. The fidelity of protein synthesis depends on the accuracy of the two mechanisms: The linking…
Q: ii) If the nucleotide indicated by the highlighted bold letter undergoes a mutation that resulted in…
A: A gene is a functioning heredity unit made up of DNA that provides instructions for the creation of…
Q: State the direction of movement of the ribosome along the mRNA strand (the direction of…
A: Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages:…
Q: describe the process of lysosomal hydrolase arriving to the lysosome. without including translation
A: The targetting of lysosomal enzyme depends on GERL system. Lysosome, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic…
Q: The following segment of DNA codes for a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons. The…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: Write a paragraph about transcription, and include the following terms: transcription factors,…
A: Transcription is a process in which RNA molecule is produced from the DNA template strand or non…
Q: code, indicate which polypeptides would be synthesized if poly-UGG were used in a s G
A: Poly-V indicates valine Poly-G indicates Glycine Ploy-W indicates Tryptophan Poly-Y indicates…
Q: Which site bound by a tRNA most of the time? O A P O E
A: t- RNA is called transfer RNA which changes to amino acyl RNA with help of the aminoacyl t-RNA…
Q: a) What is the region of the MRNA with all of the X's in this image called?
A: Translation is the process of formation of amino acid sequence using messenger RNA as a template and…
Q: a) What is a mutation in molecular terms? b) a mutation deletes a base in the genomic DNA…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: II. Give the translation of the segment of a polypeptide chain below. Specify your template strand.…
A: Translation is process in which proteins are synthesized.
Q: Describe the processes of transcription and translation from DNA to polypeptide chain
A: Polypeptides are amino acid chains joined together by peptide bonds. Amino terminal or N terminal…
Q: Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is…
A: Any detectable, inheritable qualitative or quantitative change in genetic material of an organism…
Q: Explain the process of mRNA to DNA translation.
A: Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA and building a polypeptide chain by the information…
Please do d and e as a,b and c are done.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- a. As a result of the structure of DNA and RNA, replication, transcription and translation are possible. What can nucleic acids do, as a result of their structure, that enables these processes to occur? The figure below shows a simplified schematic representation of a segment of DNA. The DNA is labelled with the numbers 1 – 14 for easy reference. -35 sequence Pribnow box 5' UTR 3' UTR DNA TTGACA TATAAT -35 -10 Gene a Gene B Gene y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 UTR = untranslated region b. At which position on the DNA (number 1 - 14) will transcription be initiated? c. At which position on the DNA (number 1 - 14) will the first signal for translation be found? d. Between which two regions on the DNA will the polyadenylation signal be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region. e. Between which two regions on the DNA will the first Shine-Dalgarno / Ribosome Binding Sequence be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region.Give the complimentary DNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Give the RNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Using the provided amino acid table and the RNA strand you created in #2, create the amino acid sequence: Name and explain two different ways in which DNA can be damaged. Once DNA is damaged, can we repair it? If not, what are some possible outcomes from the damaged DNA?Answer the following questions: 1.)Explain in detail, how DNA replication occurs, include DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase , primase and ligase. 2.) Explain transcription and translation, explain the roles of chromosomes DNA , messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA in the process as well as how complementary base pairing is included. 3.) Illustrate a hypothetical genetic code by spelling out the nucleotide codons of a segement of mRNA and indicating the sequence of amino acids that could be coded for in the process of protein synthesis.
- determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acids 5. the discussion of the entire procedurea) How is the lagging strand made in DNA replication? Include important enzymes and structures. How is this different from the synthesis of the leading strand? How is the structure of mRNA suited to its function? How is the structure of tRNA suited to its function? How is the structure of the nucleus suited to its function for protein synthesis?Determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acids
- A. DNA Replication Construct a DNA with 15 base pairs. (Note that the first three nucleofides of the parent DNA (3' to 5') strand correspond to a start codon and its last three nucleotides correspond to a stop codon in its MRNA counterpart later on.) Write it down as follows: a. the sequence of parent DNA (template) 3' A C A TT 5' 3' Upon undergoing DNA replication, show what one daughter DNA molecule will look like. Write it down as follows: b. the sequence of DNA Daughter 1: 3' 5' 5' 3' C. the sequence of DNA Daughter 2: 3' 3' 5' in inBackground: DNA nucleotides (i.e A, T, G, and C) are naturally found in a paired, or bonded, arrangement (i.e. the double helix) within the nucleus of every cell. This structure makes the process of replication that occurs prior to mitosis and meiosis very reliable. The purpose of DNA, though, is not simply to make copies of itself, but to provide a set of instructions for the synthesis or "construction" of biomolecules, such as proteins. Why is transcription (i.e. the formation of an RNA copy of a given gene) a necessary step in the "construction" process highlighted above? What is the cell looking to ultimately do with this RNA information?(Optional) Describe the structure of DNA, discussing the DNA helix and the base pairs of DNA, the overall structure of a chromosome, the structure of a gene, an mRNA, a ribosome, and a protein. What are the relative sizes of each of these?
- A. Create the complimentary strand for the DNA strand below. Make sure to label the parts and direction of the strand. 5’-AACGGTCCAGTCCAAGTTACG-3’ 2. Below is a segment of DNA that is ready to be replicated. Outline the processes that the segment will go through during replication. Make sure to include the names of the enzymes that are involved. AATTGCCTGCTAGTCTCAG TTAACGGACGATCAGAGTC B. DNA: G T A C G C G T A T A C C G A C A T T C RNA: C A U G C G CAU A U G G C U G U A G Codons: AUG - CGC - AUA -UGG - CUG - UAA Anti-codons: UAC - GCG -UAU - ACC - GAC - AUU Amino acids: Met- Arg - Ile - Try - Leu Using the example above transcribe the following DNA strands into m-RNA and translate that strand into a polypeptide chain identifying the codons, anti-codons and amino acid sequence. 3. DNA: A T A C G A A A T C G C G A T C G C G G C G A T T C G G 4. DNA: T T T A C G G C C A T C A G G C A A T…DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence 5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’ Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? Presence of start codon Absence of start codon Due to mutation If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)? Substitution of C with G No change4 Deletion of Both I & IIIAddress the general properties of the chromatin within the following types of DNA: DNA undergoing active transcription DNA within a mitotic chromosome DNA immediately after passage of the replication fork centromeric DNA