construct! Which of the four constructs (Construct 1-4) below could you use to make your own mouse knockout? For each one you did not choose, explain why you did not choose that construct. Part of DHCR7 gene structure is shown on top row in the schematic. (Antibiotic selection and negative selection genes have been abbreviated.)
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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- Mutant # Deletion Region %Transcription (lungs) %Transcription(kidneys) WT None 100% 100% 1 1-200 130% 130% 2 250-400 100% 100% 3 500-800 50% 50% 4 950-1100 0% 100% 1) For the following gene, you notice the following results when analyzing several muntants. What type of sequence (be specific) has been mutated in mutant 1? What type of sequence (be specific) has been mutated in mutant 3? What would we call this type of mutation? What type of sequence (be specific) has been mutated in mutant 4?Several DNA coding for different proteins, CRISPR, or siRNAs against different genes were expressed in cultured normal human somatic cells (A–G; “-” = control: no expression of exogenous gene/siRNA). The cells were either untreated (-) or irradiated to induce DNA damage (+). After 24 hours, the cells were harvested for preparing cell-free extracts. Different proteins were then detected using SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting. These include p53, the phosphorylated form of pRb as well as total pRb, the phosphorylated form of lamin B as well as total lamin B, and caspase 3 (note that the darkness of the bands roughly corresponds to the intensity of the bands in the Western blot). Fig.1. The cells were also analysed using flow cytometry. The x-axis is DNA contents (2N represents the position of DNA as in G1 phase; 4N represents the position of DNA as in G2/M phase); the y-axis is the accumulated cell number. Fig.2. (1) The first four samples are known (the rest, see below, are all…Answer as Directed. Below is the model of a lac operon. lac I lac Z с promoter operator +1 lac Y lac A DNA 1. In the absence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 2. In the presence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac regulatory region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 3. In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? 4. Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? 5. Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?
- Anti apoptosome anti N anti protein X anti caspase based on thé data above where is the WT protein actually cleaved D380 D380 and D835 D835 D835 and D840 D840 all are cleaved none are cleaved D380 and D840 if you compared the size of WT and the D380E mutant before apoptosis on a western blot how would they appear? D380E would be larger they would be indistinguishable WT would be larger how many amino acids long is the larger band in the lane labeled D380E/D835E1 2 3 4 miR-34a Et. Br. miR-34c Et. Br. Figure 1: Northern blotting on total RNA extracted from the testes of mice with the indicated genotypes (Lane1; wild type, Lane 2; miR-34a-/-, Lane 3; miR-34b & c-/-, Lane 4; mutant). Probes specific for miR-34a and miR-34c were used. (i) As compared to Northern blotting which probes for RNA, what are the samples that can be probed by Southern and Western blotting techniques? (ii) Analyze the results in Lane 1 to Lane 4 (Figure 1).In the module, you have learned about P-element mediated transgenesis in Drosophila and the concept of using transgenes to rescue mutant phenotypes. In the figure below, you will see a wild type fly with its natural eye colour and three mutants with their eye colours changed to vermillion, white and rosy, respectively. A schematic of P-element mediated transgenesis (as shown in the lectures) is also included in the figure. Please inspect the schematic carefully and choose which of the following statements is true: I. Injection of the white experimental transgene into the vermillion mutant embryo will not change the vermillion mutant phenotype II. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant embryo will change rosy eye colour to red (wild type) III. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the white mutant embryo will not change the white mutant phenotype IV. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant…
- Describe the primary procedure(key steps no details) that you will follow to clone the C-peptide gene from the RNA above into the only vector you have, a pUC expression vector cut open usingEcoR1which has a 5¢-recognition site and a 3¢- Hind III in the MCS?Analyzing Cloned Sequences A base change (A to T) is the mutational event that created the mutant sickle cell anemia allele of beta globin. This mutation destroys an MstII restriction site normally present in the beta globin gene. This difference between the normal allele and the mutant allele can be detected with Southern blotting. Using a labeled beta globin gene as a probe, what differences would you expect to see for a Southern blot of the normal beta globin gene and the mutant sickle cell gene?Which of the four constructs (Construct 1-4) could be made to make a knockout mouse? For each one not chosen explain why you did not choose that construct. Antibiotic selection and negative selections are abbreviated)
- amount of protein / amount of mRNA 12 mm / ↑ A B time (minutes) 20 Bacteria were grown in culture. At various time points, substances were added or removed from the culture medium. To assay the effects of the substances on operon gene expression, samples of bacteria were collected at one-minute intervals and levels of specific proteins and mRNAs were determined. If the operon under investigation is a repressible operon, which arrow indicates the addition of a molecule that binds the repressor protein?5 5 S 6 5 5 5 6 U 6 U 6 5:14 PM | 0.2KB/s HHHHH R R U RUUR ARU AP AP R U U R R AP R R R AP MOLECULAR...GENETICS. Describe gene regulation at transcription level. Explain the role of antsense RNA in control mechanism. Describe translational control mechanisms. Describe common DNA damages. Distinguish excision and mismatch repair. Describe the role of recA protein in recombination repair Elaborate on SOS repair mechanism. Define thymine dimer. How are they formed and repaired? Describe the molecular basis of mutation. 11 Leu+ Met+ Arg+ Write a detailed note on spontaneous mutation. Explain about mutant detection methods. Define reverse mutation. Describe the mechanism underlying Intragenic and intergenic suppressor mutations Describe the transposition mechanisms. 13 Vo LTE UNIT IV Time (Min) Describe the process of generalised transformation occurring in bacterial chromosome and plasmid. Elaborate on molecular mechanism and significance of transformation 22 Describe the process of…During a CRISPR-Cas9 exp., yeast are transformed with PML104-9RNA1 plasmid and HDR1 template to edit ADE2 gene. Then answer the following questions.. 1.In yeast, what is the template from which the GRNA is transcribed? 2. The HDR fragment must enter the homology directed repair. 3. The Cas9 gene is transcribed from transported from 4. what happens after translation of Cas9? of yeast cell to be used for as template, transcript is of the celi, and then protein is translated. to