Compare osmoregulation by (1) sharks versus marine bony fish, and (2) freshwater bony fish and freshwater mosquitoes.

Q: Elucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in…

A: Aquatic Vertebrate is any newly hatched animal with a backbone or spinal column that spends the most…

Q: Explain the process of thermoregulation in the following: Elephants:   Emperor Penguins

A: Thermoregulation is the process of maintenance of the internal temperature. Thermoregulation helps…

Q: Draw the structure of nephrons.

A: Kidney the organ in our body in which the filtration of blood occurs. the functional unit of the…

Q: Using  concept of flow-down gradients, explain the movement of glucose in and out of the nephron.

A: Introduction:-The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess…

Q: Human kidneys return water and small solutes back to blood by way of

A: Tubular reabsorption is the process in which nephron removes water and solutes from tubular fluid…

Q: Unlike an earthworm’s metanephridia,a mammalian nephron(A) is intimately associated with a…

A: An earthworm is a terrestrial annelid. Annelids are segmental organisms due to the presence of…

Q: What is chief nitrogenaus waste product in birds? Give two advantages of this mode of excretion.

A: Excretion is the elimination of these metabolic wastes. The nitrogenous waste can be excreted in…

Q: ructures commonly present in all vertebrate kidneys?

A: Vertebrates have the following variation of the kidneys: - Pronephros Mesonephros Metanephros

Q: Define nitrogenous wastes, and list the main types produced in animals.What are some advantages and…

A: The metabolic waste containing excess nitrogen is eliminated out from the body of an organism is…

Q: A shark’s blood is isotonic to the surrounding seawater because of the reabsorption of ____ in its…

A: Tonicity is the relative concentration of solutes in a solvent. A solution is said to be isotonic…

Q: Topic:Excretion in animals Explain the roles of the lungs, kidneys and skin in the excretion of…

A: Introduction The process of excretion is the removal of wastes and excess water from the body. It is…

Q: Describe the four functional regions of the mammalian kidney.

A: The kidneys can be defined as the two bean-shaped organs in the renal system. They help the body…

Q: Draw a well labelled diagram of a mammalian kidney tubule(nephron) and its blood supply.

A: Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney. The filtration of blood occurs…

Q: Name two types of nephrons found in human kidney.

A: In humans, the chief osmoregulatory organ is the kidney. The nephron is the kidney’s functional unit…

Q: Describe (and label on a diagram) the organs of the mammalian urinary system and give the functions…

A: The mammalian urinary system is an excretory system that removes the waster materials and excess…

Q: Compare adaptations for osmoregulation in freshwater fishes, marine bony fishes, sharks, marine…

A: Osmoregulation is defined as a process that is responsible for regulating the osmotic pressure of…

Q: Describe how the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule of the nephron…

A: Nephron is the functional filtration unit of the kidney. It is microscopic in nature. Nephron has…

Q: Explain the Basic structure of a nephron and the collecting duct system?

A: The urinary or renal system is one of the organ systems that helps to remove waste from the human…

Q: Long nephron loopsa. are common in animals with access to abundant freshwater.b. allow urine to…

A: A long nephron circles is needed to make the pee more thought. The nephron circle reabsorbs however…

Q: describe the difference between osmoconformers and osmoregulators.

A: Marine organisms can be defined as the type of organisms that live in the sea or ocean. Marine…

Q: Why are sharks osmoconformers yet ionoconformers? Explain using concepts on osmoregulation and…

A: Osmoconformers: these are the marine animals with the ability to maintain the osmorality of their…

Q: Give examples of animals that excrete each of the principal types of nitrogenous wastes.

A: Introduction  Water is crucial for survival for almost all type of species be it animals or plants.…

Q: Explain how osmoregulation in humans is an example of homeostasis.

A: Homeostasis is an organism's physiological capacity to maintain a constant internal environment in…

Q: Name two animals that are osmoconformers and twothat are osmoregulators. Explain the difference…

A: The measure of dissolved particle's number in a fluid is referred osmolarity. Water moves from a…

Q: There are two types of nephrons. Name them?

A: The kidneys are made up of small units called nephrons which serve both structurally and…

Q: Explain why the countercurrent flow that occurs in the gillsof fish is much more efficient than…

A: Concurrent flow refers to the flow of oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich water in the same direction.…

Q: Describe countercurrent exchange in the gills of fish.  How does it increase the effectiveness of…

A: Fish gills are organs that allow fish to breathe underwater. Most fish exchange gases like oxygen…

Q: Outline how the orientation of nephrons relative to each otherimparts gross structure to the kidneys…

A: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for…

Q: Elucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in…

A: Terrestrial Vertebrates:  Land-based (land-dwelling) Non-native Vertebrates (animals having a…

Q: Describe osmoregulators or osmoconformers and how these tools allow animals to adapt to different…

A: What is osmoregulation? Osmotic regulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an…

Q: How a fish that migrate from freshwater to seawater (and/or vice versa) osmoregulate?

A: Introduction Osmoregulation is a process by which an organism maintain a internal balance between…

Q: Elucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in…

A: Terrestrial vertebrates... like...The human excretory system functions to remove waste from the body…

Q: Draw a labelled diagram of excretory system of "common carp" fish?

A: Common carp fish  : scientists name is cyprinus carpio   It is a freshwater fish & prefer slow…

Q: In what ways does the nephridium of an earthworm parallel the human nephron in structure and…

A:

Q: Explain the term osmoregulation.

A: An organism is a living thing. It has an organized structure, and it can grow, react to stimuli,…

Q: Regarding the function of nephrozoan nephridia, would you expect the final urine of a freshwater…

A: Nephrozoans represent the clade that includes more than a million species divided into protostomes,…

Q: Would you expect an ostrich to excrete excess nitrogen as uric acid, urea, or ammonia? Make an…

A: Ammonia is that the waste made by the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds like proteins and…

Q: escribe a drop of blood thro

A: Either side of the spine pair of bean-shaped organs called kidneys. The function of the kidney is to…

Q: List the structures, in order, through which metabolic waste travels as it leaves a nephron and…

A: The urinary (renal) system is a major organ system of the human body comprising of two kidneys, two…

Q: What is meant by “countercurrent flow” as it applies to fish gills?

A: Gills are the respiratory structures of most of the aquatic animals. The simplest type of gills is…

Q: Compare the excretory systems of a flatworm and an annelid worm. How are they similar? How are they…

A: Animal kingdom is a kingdom which comprises of Eukaryotic , heterotrophic organism . It comprises of…

Q: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

A: Organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. Organisms are classified by…

Q: Give differences between shark and frog regarding excretory system?

A: To differentiate Excretory system of shark and frog

Q: List at least one reason why arteriole vasoconstriction helps mammals function and survive

A: *The arterioles main function is to regulate the blood flow r intravascular pressure bu undergoing…

Q: Draw and describe what is happening in the nephron loop. How is the counter current exchange set up

A: Kidney is a bean-shaped organ that is located below the ribs and behind the abdomen. Nephrons are…

Q: Describe what happens during the following stages in urine forma-tion in the mammalian nephron:…

A: The urinary system in mammals is composed of paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a…

Q: Kidneys do not play a major role in excretion in ammonotelic animals. Justify.

A: Different animals excrete different type of metabolic waste that has its costs and advantages.…

Marine Evolution

Marine habitat is less explored, and hence, its biological diversity is far less known. The marine habitats are not constant due to their shifting nature, while the terrestrial habitats are more stable. Marine biology is the science that deals with the study of diverse marine species, their interactions, and behavioral characteristics.