Compare and contrast the action of DNA damaging agents that lead to: 1. Point mutations . 2. Frameshift mutations 3. Formation of DNA dimers

Xeroderma pigmentosa (XP): A. is caused by a defect in the mismatch repair system. B. typically results in base substitution mutations. C. can be caused by defects in any of a number of different genes that have to do with DNA repair. D. results when an individual does not spend enough time outside. E. Can be corrected by a direct repair mechanism

Explain the various ways that each of these can occur within a DNA sequence: 1. substitution 2. deletion 3. insertion

Generate a concept map that includes all the specifics below: • Classification based on: 1. their effect on the DNA 2. on their phenotypic effect. . Kinds of DNA damage and lesions (spontaneous and induced) produced by specific exposures. (Note: don't forget transposons and CRISPR Cas9) Specific repair mechanisms that fix each kind of DNA damage or lesion (during/post replication). • Include information about the number of replication cycles for a dominant mutation to cause a phenotype. And the number of cycles for a recessive mutation to possibly cause a phenotype. (Hint: don't forget to think about each strand of both parental copies of each chromosome) O