Compare and contrast signaling events in the nervous vs. endocrine systems. How does a “message” get from the original neuron or endocrine gland to the target? How does the signal get transduced into something the target cell can respond to? Be sure to include a description of the signaling molecules and cellular receptors involved in each of these systems.

Hormones are chemical signaling molecules produced by specialized cells and transmitted via the circulatory system to all other cells in the body. Which of the following describes a condition that needs to be met for a target cell to re- ceive the signaling molecules? A B с D The size and shape of the target cell needs to be similar to that of the cell that secreted the hormone. The location of the target cell needs to be within the local region of the cell that secreted the hormone. The target cell needs to have sufficient ATP to transport the hormone into the cell. The cytosol of the target cell has to have receptors that recognize and bind the hormone.

All signaling molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True False

Compare and discuss intergrin and tyrosine kinase signaling pathway . Show the difference and similarities between them interns of receptor ligand binding, signal transduction, changes in gene expression and subsequent cellular responses

A signaling molecule M is active when it is phosphorylated (M-P). The M-P has downstream target molecules in nucleus. Provide a possible mechanism by which M does its job

Which is a correct explanation of an aspect within G protein signaling pathway? ATP powers the G protein to cause it to move and activate an enzyme O GTP activates the G protein causing it to move to activate the next protein O The receptor is active when bound to GTP GTP causes the G protein to activate and bind to the receptor

How can the same signal (ligand) , result in different cellular responses in different cell types with the same receptors?

Which of the following statements about the role of ATP in cell signalling is correct? Choose only the best answer. All of the other options are correct. ATP functions as a secondary messenger. ATP is involved in the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. ATP is involved in the activation of some proteins that serve as relay molecules.

A biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C.  induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D.  induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).

Explain how an indirect neurotransmitter receptor mechanism (like A-G linked receptor) conduct cell signaling?