Childhood vaccinations are required by law in all U.S. states and in many countries to prevent the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. Some people object to required vaccinations and feel that whether to vaccinate or not should be a personal choice. What are some arguments for and against requiring everyone to be vaccinated?

Should more state or federal government agencies set up needle exchange facilities to help combat bloodborne diseases, or do they encourage the use of drugs?

A researcher is conducting an experiment testing whether a new pharmaceutical drug is able to effectively treat heartburn and has a physician assisting with the study involving volunteers who experience chronic heartburn. Which of the following descriptions most closely describes the control used in this study?     Show answer choices  The researcher has organized the patients into 4 groups, where patients either take 1 dose of the drug, 2 doses of the drug, 1 dose of the placebo, or 2 doses of the placebo.   The physician asks patients to rate their heartburn discomfort on a scale from 1-10 every 5 minutes up to an hour.   The physician and patients both do not know if they are receiving the actual drug or a placebo.   The placebo pill contains just compressed sugar and no active drug.   Patients are randomly selected and placed into the four categories.

Michelle brings in her 5‑year‑old daughter, Melissa, for a physical examination that will include scheduled vaccinations. Melissa will be entering elementary school soon. Michelle feels that some vaccines are unnecessary and wants to know why her daughter needs to endure the anxiety of getting injections. How should she be advised?