Chemical and physical properties of gases are important factors in the evolution and physiology of cardiorespiratory systems. Which of the following statements about gases and cardiorespiratory systems is FALSE? When a frog sits in anoxic water, they can get enough oxygen by breathing air. Under these conditions, it makes sense to reduce the blood flow through the skin to reduce loss of oxygen from the blood to the water. When ancient fish began breathing air, they discovered that air was respiratory fluid that was richer in oxygen than was the water they breathed when submerged. When humans climb to high altitude, they breath more frequently to obtain sufficient oxygen and in doing so, get rid of too much carbon dioxide, causing an alkalosis (increase in blood pH). Because the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is higher air than water, air breathing is linked to getting enough oxygen whereas water breathing is regulated to get rid of carbon dioxide.

which of the following vessels contain O2-rich, CO2 poor blood? pick two answers: pulmonary arteries, aorta, pulmonary veins, vena cavae

After finishing last in the gymnastics competition (they had to cut him free from the rings), it is now time for synchronised swimming. In order to be able to breathe under water, Marco has snuck in a balloon which he will breathe in and out of while submerged. Consider how the following parameters will change over time as he continues to re-breathe from the balloon. Ignore the pressure effects of the water on Marco and the balloon. Central chemoreceptor activity Minute ventilation Plasma pH Arterial PO2 [Choose ] ✓ [Choose ] Diameter of pulmonary arterioles Decrease No change Increase [Choose ] [Choose ]

The anatomy of bird lungs is very different to that of mammals. Birds have unidirectional flow of air through the bronchi. Similar to humans, birds have a two-step breathing (in through the beak and then out through the beak). 3 marks Unsorted B Trachea Human alveoli A D B For each position in the diagram, sort them into the appropriate group. Syrinx Ventrobronchi Only fresh air Primary bronchus с Intrapulmonary bronchus B Only 'spent' air Bronchi airflow direction Laterobronchus D A mix of air

Which of the following is an example of the respiratory and circulatory systems working together? The blood flows through the kidneys, and waste products are removed. The lungs take in air, and the blood carries oxygen to the body's cells. O The diaphragm flexes, and the lungs take in air. OThese two systems do not work together.

Which of the following would you expect to find in the pulmonary system? An overall higher concentration of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries A similar concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide as in the rest of the body An overall higher concentration of oxygen in the pulmonary veins An overall higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the veins

A trout exposed to acid mine drainage experiences an increase in mucus production along the gills. According to Fick’s law of diffusion, how would that affect the movement of oxygen through the gill capillaries?

Asthma is a very common disease. It is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs, producing symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, and is caused by the release of factors during an allergic response. Explain why the narrowing of bronchioles, rather than that of the larger bronchi, is the source of the airflow restriction, and why inhaling dilating agents can bring relief during an asthma attack.

Can you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish (please type the answer)   Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).

List the 4 different types of gas exchange systems. Then, describe each