You watch a live individual respiring (that is, obtaining oxygen from its environment). What observation would tell you if the animal has lungs or not? In the case it does have lungs, how would you determine if it uses positive or negative pressure breathing? And how then would you determine if it has one-way air flow or tidal air flow?

1) During alveolar HYPERventilation, levels of blood CO2 drop while blood O2 is elevated. What reflexive responses will this stimulate from the CPG?   a) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons.   b) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons.   c) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons.   d) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons.

What controls the movement of the lungs? Describe the flow of air into the lungs. Use the following terms: oral cavity/nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli What gases are being exchanged as we inhale? How do the lungs get rid of all the CO2 they've picked up from the blood? Why do the cells in our body need oxygen? Be specific. How do you think your breathing and lungs adapt when you're exercising?

Mountain climbers often use the expression “thin air” to describe atmospheric conditions at high elevation.  For example Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air is about a deadly climbing expedition to Mount Everest.  What does it mean to say the air gets “thinner” as you climb upward?  Explain the reason why the air gets “thinner” with increasing altitude. Briefly explain why it becomes difficult to breathe in “thin” air. Your answer should include something about the human physiology of breathing and why it is more difficult when the air is "thinner."

When considering the limitations of external respiration, explain why animals larger than flatworms require specialized structures for ventilation. List two examples of these specialized structures.

All of the following factors increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen EXCEPT:   Increased temperature   Increased pH   Decreased pCO2   Decreased 2,3-DPG   All of the above increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen The conduction zone:   Question 7 options:   participates in some gas exchange   secretes mucus which is moved down into the respiratory zone of the lungs   dries moist air as it moves into the respiratory zone   equilibrates incoming air to body temperature   none of the above are correct The respiratory membrane for gas exchange includes (select the best answer):   Question 8 options:   Capillary endothelial cells   Type I alveolar cells   Type II alveolar cells   A and B above   A and C above

(a) In the model lung demonstration, the bell jar is filled with air. What is in the pleural cavity in the t horax?                                                                           (b) Compare the relative size of the pleural space in the model lung to that in the human lung.

The anatomy of bird lungs is very different to that of mammals. Birds have unidirectional flow of air through the bronchi. Similar to humans, birds have a two-step breathing (in through the beak and then out through the beak). 3 marks Unsorted B Trachea Human alveoli A D B For each position in the diagram, sort them into the appropriate group. Syrinx Ventrobronchi Only fresh air Primary bronchus с Intrapulmonary bronchus B Only 'spent' air Bronchi airflow direction Laterobronchus D A mix of air

Explain the specific role of the human diaphragm in filling the lungs with air during inspiration and expelling the air during expiration. please help also with examples

If a person takes a deep breath and holds it with the mouth and nose closed, what is the pressure of gases within the alveoli relative to atmospheric pressure? O Less than atmospheric pressure Greater than atmospheric pressure O Equal to atmospheric pressure O Cannot be determined without more information