Cells are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Which of the following best explains why plant cells require sunlight to make organic compounds, according to Gibbs’s theory of free energy? The photosynthetic reaction releases free energy to the surroundings. The photosynthetic reaction’s free energy is in equilibrium. The reactants of photosynthesis have less free energy than the products. The change in free energy (∆G) of the photosynthetic system is less than zero.

Cells are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Which of the following best explains why plant cells require sunlight to make organic compounds, according to Gibbs’s theory of free energy? The photosynthetic reaction releases free energy to the surroundings. The photosynthetic reaction’s free energy is in equilibrium. The reactants of photosynthesis have less free energy than the products. The change in free energy (∆G) of the photosynthetic system is less than zero.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter8: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ITD

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Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.
In photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? In photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? Glucose is synthesized from CO2 and water during the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP The light-dependent reaction (non-cyclic) captures electrons in NADPH Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production None of the other four answers (All are true of the light-dependent reaction)
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because it uses solar energy to build glucose molecules. Rubisco, an enzyme found in plants, is critical to this process. How does the presence of rubisco affect the change in free energy consumed or produced by the reactants and products? The presence of rubisco increases the free energy produced by the reactants, but the free energy consumed by glucose stays constant. The presence of rubisco increases the free energy consumed by glucose, but maintains the free energy produced by the initial reactants. The presence of rubisco decreases the energy required for activation in the transition state and increases the free energy consumed by glucose. The presence of rubisco decreases the energy required for activation in the transition state, but the change in the free energy of the reactants and products remains constant.
Three plants grow side by side in a pond. Glucose and starch are measured for each and shown in relative units below, along with the pH of the vacuole at dawn and at noon. Plant Glucose Starch Vacuolar pH, dawn Vacuolar pH, noon A 100 50 1 4 B 100 10 4 4 C 1,000 2 4 4 Part A:Explain what kind of photosynthesis is being done by each plant with some details about how each works. Justify your answer. Part B:Decipher which plant is biochemically defective after the light-independent reactions and explain how you deciphered this.
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons within the pigment molecules that are embedded in the plasma membranes of the thylakoids are hit by photons of sunlight. This dramatically increases the energy in these electrons. When photons of light strike electrons in other kinds of molecules, the electrons are raised to high energy levels, but immediately drop back down to their ground states, re-emitting the photons. However, in the light reactions, an excited electron is passed to an electron acceptor molecule before it can drop back down to its ground state. The excited electron is then passed from the primary electron receptor to the electron transport chain and eventually ends up as part of a glucose molecule. If the pigments in the thylakoid are continually passing their electrons to other molecules, how do the pigments replace their missing electrons? To replace the missing electrons, an enzyme removes the two hydrogen atoms from a water molecule.…
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoids. Chlorophyll directly absorbs light for use in photosynthesis. Carotenoids absorb light and transfer the energy from light to chlorophyll. The efficiency of photosynthesis varies with the wavelengths of the light that illuminates the chloroplasts. In an experiment to study the relationship between the incoming light wavelengths and the chemical reactions of photosynthesis using a species of green algae, a researcher labeled the CO2 supply to the algae with 14C, and the H2O with 18O. Which of the following results is expected? More 14C is found in the algae when it is illuminated by green light than when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light. More 18O is found in the algae when it is illuminated by green light than when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light. More 14C is found in the algae when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light than when it is illuminated by green light. More 18O is found in the algae when…
Which of the following is NOT true of photosynthesis? O The light-independent ("dark") reaction makes glucose from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water, using energy trapped by the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction captures electrons in NADPH, which are used for glucose synthesis in the light-independent ("dark") reaction None of the other four answers (all are true of photosynthesis) Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production The light-independent ("dark") reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP
The process of photosynthesis can be modeled in various ways. For example, a chemical equation is one way to represent photosynthesis. 6CO, + 6H,0 ++ +→ 60, + C,H,,O,
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To understand photosynthesis, it is important to first understand the larger picture of what molecules the cell uses and generates and how the different molecules cycle between different reactions. The diagram shows a broad overview of the two stages of photosynthesis. Select the label that best corresponds to the lettered blanks in the diagram below. The parentheses represent the choices for each label on the graph. A. (ADP, ATP, O2, Co2) B. (NADPH, Sugars, NADP+, Sunlight) C. (H2O, Sugars, O2, Co2) D. (Sugars, Co2, O2)
What properties of photosynthetic pigments allow pigments to absorb light of only certain wavelengths? Select all that apply. Some pigment molecules lack a light-trapping region. Light of any energy level can boost an electron of the pigment molecule to a higher energy level in order to be absorbed. Only light with the correct wavelength to boost an electron of the pigment to a higher energy level is absorbed. All pigment molecules possess a light-trapping region with a special structure that allows electrons to move freely between its atoms.
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