Calendering is a special manufacturing process in which large volumes of rolled thin plastic films and sheets are produced from a bulk feedstock using a set of consecutive heated rolling steps as shown in the figure below. Based on your understanding of the behavior of polymers, which of the statements below regarding calendering of polymers are accurate? (This question has more than one correct answer)

For a glass/epoxy lamina with a 70% fiber volume fraction using the properties in the tables provided below (a) Find the ultimate tensile strength. (b) Find the minimum and critical fiber volume fractions related to (a). (c) Find the compressive strength when the matrix undergoes extension mode and when the matrix undergoes shear mode, which one controls the compressive failure? Property Axial modulus Transverse modulus Axial Poisson's ratio Transverse Poisson's ratio Shear modulus Axial tensile strength Axial compressive strength Transverse tensile strength Transverse compressive strength Shear strength Epoxy Glass Units 3.4 85 GPa 3.4 85 GPa 0.3 0.20 0.3 0.20 1.308 35.42 GPa 72 1550 MPa 102 1550 MPa 72 1550 MPa 102 1550 MPa 34 35 MPa

A.1 (i) (ii) What other materials properties would you need to consider in choosing the best lightweighting option at higher service temperatures (400-750.C)? Based on the information you have, and your own knowledge from the course, which materials system would you now recommend for this higher temperature service application? Justify your answer. Explain why over the last 20 years, metal matrix composites have attracted much interest but have yet to achieve their full potential. Give examples of the use of metal matrix composites in automotive applications.

A continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite having a cross-sectional area of 1200 mm² is subjected to an external tensile load. If the stresses sustained by the fiber and matrix phases are 152 and 2.27 MPa, respectively, the force sustained by the fiber phase is 72300 N, and the total longitudinal strain is 0.00143, determine the following: (a) The force sustained by the matrix phase (in N). i (b) The modulus of elasticity of the composite material in the longitudinal direction (in GPa). i N i (c) The modulus of elasticity for the fiber phase (in GPa). GPa i GPa (d) The modulus of elasticity for the matrix phase (in GPa). GPa

An unknown polymer sample was found to have the following molecular weight distribution: Molecular weight range 8,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 32,000 32,000 - 44,000 44,000 - 56,000 56,000 -68,000 68,000 -80,000 80,000 - 92,000 Having a DP=763, which of the following common polymers is this sample? Xi 0.05 0.15 0.21 0.28 0.18 0.10 0.03 Wi 0.02 0.08 0.17 0.29 0.23 0.16 0.05 Select one: O a. Polymethylmethacrylate with a monomer molecular weight of 100.121 g/mol O b. Polystyrene with a monomer molecular weight of 104.15 g/mol Polycarbonate with a monomer molecular weight of 61.0168 g/mol O c. O d. Polyvinyl chloride with a monomer molecular weight of 62.498 g/mol Polypropylene with a monomer molecular weight of 42.08 g/mol O e.

A panel of poly(methyl methacrylate) is bolted in the long direction only at 50°C between two other components with zero coefficients of expansion. What is the stress on the polymer at 0°C? Will the polymer break?

What typically happens to the strength level of a polymer that has undergone cold drawing? Why?

Why are some polymers hygroscopic? How are the mechanical properties affected bymoisture, explain by giving specific examples of polymers and mechanical properties.

Please sketch

What are the two micro-scale plasticity mechanisms active in amorphous polymers? Are they likely to occur simultaneously? Explain.