Calculate the number of molecules of ATP produced for partial oxidation of palmitate to acetoacetate.
Q: Describe the fate of glycerol generated from triacylglycerolhydrolysis in adipocytes.
A: When triacylglycerols is mobilized from the fat tissue, its hydrolysis to free fatty acids and…
Q: describe the mechanism of the phosphoglucoisomerase reaction
A:
Q: Calculate the ATP yield from complete oxidation of maltose by the reaction of glycolysis, citric…
A: Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules joined by alpha bond. Hydrolysis of…
Q: Explain the efficiency of using the citric acid cycle to oxidize acetyl CoA.
A: The citric acid cycle or TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms…
Q: Use the data in the graph above to calculate the percent inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase…
A: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. Thus helping…
Q: Determine how many grams of water are produced in the oxidation of 1.00 g of glucose, C6H12O6?
A: Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The glucose is a monosaccharide which…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate. Which enzymes are required…
A: Gluconeogenesis means the production of a glucose molecule from the non-carbohydrate substrate. The…
Q: Calculate the energy balance of complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of maltose (in case of…
A: Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two units of alpha- glucose molecule joined together by alpha…
Q: Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where ATP serves as the phosphate donor.…
A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…
Q: To explain: How would an uncoupler Dinitrophenol of oxidative phosphorylation promote weight loss.
A: The organic chemical compound 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) It is a biochemically active chemical that…
Q: What will be the approximate energy yield through aerobic metabolism, of a 16-carbon fatty acid?…
A: β-oxidation of fatty acid occurs in mitochondria. Before β- oxidation activation of fatty acid…
Q: Certain tissues, such as the heart muscle, can use lactate as an energy substrate. How much ATP is…
A: Lactate generated by RBC is used by heart, it is oxidized to carbon di oxide and water, following…
Q: What are the two most important carriers in one-carbonmetabolism? Give two examples of processes in…
A: These are the interlinking pathways that require methionine and folate.
Q: Compare the energy cost, in ATP equivalents, of synthesizing stearate from mitochondrial acetyl-CoA…
A: The synthesis of fatty acids is not simply a reversal of the degrading route. Rather it consists of…
Q: how much NET ATP is produced from the betea oxidation of myristic acid?
A: Beta-oxidation of fatty acid is a breakdown of long-chain fatty acid to produce ATP molecules in a…
Q: Write the chemical equation for the conversion of 4 moles of glucose to pyruvate via glycolytic…
A: Glycolysis is the biochemical conversion of 1 mole of glucose into 2 moles of pyruvate. This…
Q: Describe the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme: (a) aspartate transaminase; (b) glyceraldehyde…
A: Introduction: a) Transamination is the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to an α-keto…
Q: for E, values, calculate AG" for oxidation of malate by malate dehydrogenase.
A: The reaction is NAD+ + Malate ---> NADH + oxaloacetate + H+
Q: A. Predict the function of each of the following enzymes: Pyruvate carboxylase Lactase Cytochrome…
A: Enzymes are biomoclules that are synthesised by the translation of genetic information. Information…
Q: Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine…
A: Ethanol is a compound with chemical formula, C2H6O. It has an ethyl group bonded to a hydroxy or…
Q: Describe how α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate participate in amino acid catabolism.
A: Amino acid catabolism is a process, which helps in the synthesis of further new proteins and amino…
Q: Write the overall reaction for the conversion of acetylCoA and oxaloacetate to succinate by citric…
A: The citric acid cycle is the sequential chemical reaction that takes place in aerobic organisms…
Q: Given the question as what os the role of L- carnitine in fatty acid metabolism, what is the correct…
A: The beta-oxidation of the fatty acids involves three stages. Activation of fatty acids- occurs in…
Q: Write the equation for the final step in the catabolism of any fatty acid with an even number of…
A: Fatty acid catabolism is the breakdown of fatty acid to acetyl-CoA molecule through a process called…
Q: Calculate Gibbs free energy for fructose+ATP= fructose-6-phosphate + ADP
A: Given Values: Free energy change for fructose-6-phosphate hydrolysis = -15.9 kJ/mol Free energy for…
Q: Briefly describe the fate of pyruvate in metabolism under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions
A: Aerobic glycolysis occurs in presence of oxygen where oxidation of glucose takes place and converted…
Q: Calculate the number of ATPS produced from the complete oxidation of 1 mol of a 9:0 fatty acid in…
A: 1 Mol of 9:0 Fatty acid undergoes beta oxidation to yield the energy when body faces energy crisis.…
Q: Explain how 2-deoxyglucose acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis?
A: Glucose is the primary energy source in the body. It is broken down to form two molecules of…
Q: What is deltaG" for this reaction ATP + glucose -> ADP + giucose-6-phosphate deltaG"= ?
A: Glycolysis: a cytoplasmic pathway in which glucose breaks down into two three-carbon compounds and…
Q: Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each…
A: In Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, 1.5 ATP are generated instead of 2.5 ATP for NADH produced during…
Q: Explain How arsenic affects the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is a reaction in which pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.
Q: How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?
A: Hexane refers to alkane of six carbon atom with the molecular formula C6H14. They are colorless and…
Q: Compare the ATP yields from catabolism of a stearic acid with the ATP produced from complete…
A: In the biochemical pathway of the cell, the fuel molecules are catabolized to produce energy in…
Q: Calculate the amount of ATP molecules generated from the complete metabolism of 1 molecule of…
A: Metabolism refers to the total amount of biochemical processes that go on in an organism's cells to…
Q: Compute the total ATP produced in the catabolism of 1 mole of LAURIC ACID.
A: Fatty acids metabolism involves β-oxidation which happens in the mitochondrial matrix. In…
Q: Calculate the ATP yield from full oxidation of the fatty acids from a triglyceride with 3, 22 carbon…
A: Fatty acids are released in the digestion of triglycerides. These fatty acids undergo beta oxidation…
Q: Write the difference between hexokinase and glucokinase.
A: Hexokinase and glucokinase are the types of isoenzymes . Isoenzymes are physically distinct forms of…
Q: Diagram the reactions involving glutamate dehydrogenaseand glutamine synthetase that produce…
A: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a nitrogen metabolism enzyme that plays an important role. Glutamate…
Q: What is the ATP yield from the oxidation of one molecule of nervonic acid?
A: During the prolonged fasting condition and when the level of glucose decreases inside the body, to…
Q: Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of t a.) Oxidation of nitrite b.) Decarboxylation…
A: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which…
Q: Give an account of β – oxidation of saturated even carbon fatty acid (Palmitic acid) along with the…
A: Palmitic acid is a type of fatty acid that contains sixteen carbon atoms and no carbon-carbon double…
Q: Show a balanced equation for the synthesis of glucose from acetyl-CoA via the glyoxylate cycle
A: The glyoxylate cycle is a cyclic pathway that converts two molecule of acetyl-CoA to one molecule of…
Q: How does an increase in the ADP/ATP ratioaffect the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase?
A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase and is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of…
Q: Show how pentanoic acid is catabolized by beta-oxidation and clearly indicate where the products go.
A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…
Q: Write the balanced equation for the sequential conversion of glucose to pyruvate and of pyruvate to…
A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate.
Q: is there a difference between when using malate-aspartate shuttle or glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in…
A: There are two pathways that transport NADH into mitochondria : the glycerol-phosphate shuttle and…
Q: Calculate the number of ATPS produced from the complete oxidation of a TAG containing two caproic
A:
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- In different organisms sucrose can be cleaved either by hydrolysis or by phosphorolysis. Calculate the ATP yield per mole of sucrose metabolized by anaerobic glycolysis starting with (a) hydrolytic cleavage and (b) phosphoro- lytic dleavage.Refer to Figure, which indicates ∆G for each glycolytic reaction under intracellular conditions. Assume that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited with iodoacetate, which reacts with its active site cysteine sulfhydryl group. Which glycolytic intermediate would you expect to accumulate most rapidly, and why?Draw the products of the reaction of xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate catalyzed by transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. H H H OH FO HO-H H-OH H OPO3²- Q transketolase Draw glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate H H- H H H O OH OH OPO3²- Draw fructose-6- phosphate Q I I
- The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that interconvert these two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions, [ATP] = [ADP]; [P;] = 1 mM. Consider the glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase: ATP + glucose ADP + glucose-6-phosphate AG = - 16.7 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298°K, and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/ Iglucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermodynamically favorable. (b) Reversal of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase: glucose-6-phosphate + H20 = glucose + P AG" = -13.8 kJ/molStarting with lactate, explain how phosphoenolpyruvate is produced. Include reactions of essential enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Explain the sites of action of these enzymes.The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and gluconcogenesis that interconvert these two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions, [ATP] = [ADP] and [Pi] =1 mM. Consider the following glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase: ATP + glucose = AG' = -16.7 kJ/mol ADP + glucose-6-phosphate (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298 K, and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermody- namically favorable. (b) The reverse of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase: glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 = glucose + P, AGr = -13.8 kJ/mol K= 262 for this reaction. Calculate the maximum ratio of [glucose]/ [glucose-6-phosphate] that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermodynamically favorable. (c) Under what cellular conditions would both directions in the…
- Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, in which glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose‑6‑phosphate. Give two reasons why a Mg2+ cation is required to facilitate this reaction.Briefly explain the malate-aspartate shuttle. Distinguish between this shuttle with the glycerol -phosphate shuttle based upon their transport of reducing equivalents and their potential for ATP synthesis.
- In working skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate (the payoff phase of glycolysis), and the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in this process, with the standard free-energy change for eachreaction. Then write the overall or net equation for the payoff phase of glycolysis (with lactate as the end product), including the net standard free-energy change.how does iodoacetate inhibit glycolysis? explain.Using the Krebs cycle explain oxidative decarboxylation.