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- Urinary fluoride concentration (in parts per million) was measured for both a sample of livestock that had been grazing in an area previously exposed to fluoride pollution and a similar sample of livestock that had grazed in an unpolluted region. Do the accompanying data indicate strongly that the mean fluoride concentration for livestock grazing in the polluted region is larger than that for livestock grazing in the unpolluted region? Assume that the distributions of urinary fluoride concentration for both grazing areas have the same shape and spread. Use a significance level of 0.05. Group 1 (Polluted): 21.3 || 18.7 || 23.0 || 17.1 || 16.8 || 20.9 || 19.7 Group 2 (Unpolluted): 14.2 || 18.3 || 17.2 || 18.4 || 20.0 What is/are the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum critical value(s) for this problem? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 43 b 56 n 58,33 d 60The study “Evaluation of Prescribed Burning in Relation to Available Deer Browse” was undertaken at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1964 to determine if fire can be used as a viable management tool to increase the amount of forage available to deer during the crucial months in late winter and spring. Calcium is a required element for plants and animals. The amount taken up and stored in the plant is closely correlated to the amount present in the soil. It was hypothesized that fire may change the calcium levels present in the soil and thus affect the amount available to the deer. A large tract of land in the Fishburn Forest was selected for a prescribed burn. Soil samples were taken from 12 plots of equal area just prior to the burn on May 20, 1964, and analyzed for calcium. On July 16, 1964, postburn calcium levels were analyzed from the same plots. These values, in kilograms per plot, are presented in the following table. Do these data support the…An article in the Journal of Agricultural Science [“The Use of Residual Maximum Likelihood to Model Grain Quality Characteristics of Wheat with Variety, Climatic and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects” (1997, Vol. 128, pp. 135–142)] investigated means of wheat grain crude protein content (CP) and Hagberg falling number (HFN) surveyed in the United Kingdom. The analysis used a variety of nitrogen fertilizer applications (kg N/ha), temperature (ºC), and total monthly rainfall (mm). The following data below describe temperatures for wheat grown at Harper Adams Agricultural College between 1982 and 1993. The temperatures measured in June were obtained as follows:15.2 14.2 14.0 12.2 14.4 12.514.3 14.2 13.5 11.8 15.2Assume that the standard deviation is known to be σ = 0.5.(a) Construct a 99% two-sided confidence interval on the mean temperature.(b) Construct a 95% lower-confidence bound on the mean temperature.(c) Suppose that you wanted to be 95% confident that the error in estimating the mean…
- Based on table 3 below: a.) What is the population model (in words) for the primary regression (OLS) model in Table 3? a.1) Can we estimate the number of poor mental health days based on either exposure? a.2) How can we interpret the confidence interval for the secondary exposure in the regression model of the primary outcome in Table 3?The death rate per 100,000 for lung cancer is 7 among non-smokers and 71 among smokers. The death rate per 100,000 for coronary thrombosis is 422 among non-smokers and 599 among smokers. The prevalence of smoking in the population is 55%. The relative risk of dying for a smoker compared to a non-smoker is: [Refer to the chapter titled “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”] A. 9.1 for lung cancer and 0.30 for coronary thrombosis. B. 10.1 for lung cancer and 1.4 for coronary thrombosis. C. 10.1 for lung cancer and 8.4 for coronary thrombosis. D. 9.1 for lung cancer and 1.4 for coronary thrombosis. E. 12.4 for lung cancer and 1.7 for coronary thrombosis.The article “Models for Assessing Hoisting Times of Tower Cranes” (A. Leung and C. Tam, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1999: 385–391) presents a model constructed by a stepwise regression procedure to predict the time needed for a tower crane hoisting operation. Twenty variables were considered, and the stepwise procedure chose a nine-variable model. The adjusted R2 for the selected model was 0.73. True or false: a) The value 0.73 is a reliable measure of the goodness of fit of the selected model. b) The value 0.73 may exaggerate the goodness of fit of the model. c) A stepwise regression procedure selects only variables that are of some use in predicting the value of the dependent variable. d) It is possible for a variable that is of no use in predicting the value of a dependent variable to be part of a model selected by a stepwise regression procedure.
- Tardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on organisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 1150 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy.) A random sample of 25 tardigrade colonies found that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean of 1133 Gy, with a sample standard deviation of 62 Gy. Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is approximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.05 level of significance, to support that u, the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is not equal to 1150 Gy. (a) State the null hypothesis H, and the alternative hypothesis H, that you would use for…Tardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on organisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 1150 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy.) A random sample of 25 tardigrade colonies found that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean of 1133 Gy, with a sample standard deviation of 02 Gy. Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is appraximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.05 level af significance, to support that H, the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is not equal to 1150 Cy. (a) State the null hypothesis H, and the alternative hypothesis H, that you would use for…10.50 Recess and Wasted Food. E. Bergman et al. conducted a study to determine, among other things, the impact that scheduling recess before or after the lunch period has on wasted food for students in grades three through five. Results were published in the online article “The Relationship of Meal and Recess Schedules to Plate Waste in Elementary Schools” (Journal of Child Nutrition and Management, Vol. 28, Issue 2). Summary statistics for the amount of food wasted, in grams, by randomly selected students are presented in the following table. Lunch before recess Lunch after recess ¯ x1 = 223.1 ¯ x2 = 156.6 s1 = 122.9 s2 = 108.1 n1 = 889 n2 = 1119 At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, in grades three through five, the mean amount of food wasted for lunches before recess exceeds that for lunches after recess?
- Suppose that, as part of a research methods class, Bailey was asked to write a summary of a research paper on the topic of the effects of oil contamination in soil on seed germination rates. Identify the explanatory and the response variables.In order to be able to statistically determine which levels of the significant main effect(s) differ dec the analysis of variance, which of the following is performed? A)t-test B)Simple linear regression analysis C)Post-hoc analysis D)Analysis of residuesAn article in Lubrication Engineering (December 1990) described the results of an experiment designed to investigate the effects of carbon material properties on the progression of blisters on carbon face seals. The carbon face seals are used extensively in equipment such as air turbine starters. Four different carbon materials were tested, and the surface roughness was measured. The data are as follows: Carbon Material Type Surface Roughness EC10 0.5 0.55 0.55 0.36 EC10A 0.31 0.07 0.25 0.18 0.56 0.2 EC4 0.2 0.28 0.12 EC1 0.1 0.16 Does carbon material type have an effect on mean surface roughness? Use α = 0.05.