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c i) Discuss the limitations of the Coasian approach to externalities 4cii) Discuss the strengths of the Coasian approach to externalities

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

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ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Market Failure Analysis

To understand Market failure, we need to first understand welfare economics. An Italian economist, Vilfredo Pareto stated that allocation of resources in an efficient manner such that an economic change, which harms no one and makes someone better off, indicates an increase in social welfare. It is also called Pareto Optimality, where resources cannot further be reallocated without harming one. This does not apply to those economic changes, which harm some and benefit others. social welfare increases if the utility of any of its members' increases and none decrease in the economy.

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4c i) Discuss the limitations of the Coasian approach to externalities

4cii) Discuss the strengths of the Coasian approach to externalities

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3. Externalities. Consider a firm that causes pollution in a lake affecting a group of individuals. The production cost of the firm is c(q) = cq²/2, where c> 0 and q is the quantity produced by the firm, and the total cost imposed on the individuals (adding the costs suffered by each of them) is (q) = pq²/2, where > 0. (a) Suppose initially that the firm cannot bargain, trade, or otherwise compensate the individuals. Calculate the profit maximizing choice of output by the firm, the revenue of the firm, the private cost of the firm, the externality that the firm imposes over the individuals, and the total social cost. (b) Suppose now that the individuals affected by pollution in the lake own the lake, and that they organize to sell pollution permits, with a price of p, so that the firm must pay p per unit of output. Find the competitive price of pollution permits, as well as the profit max- imizing choice of output by the firm if the firm must buy pollution permits and buys them at the…
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Vork (Ch 10) 2. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Cars impose 'many external costs on society: exhaust emissions that contribute to air pollution, congestion on roadways, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of cars is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for cars (their private value), the supply of cars (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of cars, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity. Social Cost Market Equilibrium Supply (Private Cost) Socially Optimal Level Demand (Private Value) QUANTITY OF CARS PRICE OF CARS
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6. Problems and Applications Q6 Shen loves playing rock 'n' roll music at high volume. Antonio loves opera and hates rock 'n' roll. Unfortunately, they are next-door neighbors in an apartment building with paper-thin walls. In this case, imposes a externality on his neighbor in the form of noise pollution. Why might a command-and-control policy that forbids music to be played above a certain decibel level lead to an inefficient outcome? O An efficient outcome can be achieved only if everyone can do what they love. O Shen playing his music loudly does not do any harm if Antonio is not home. O It is unfair because such policy would restrict Shen's activity but not Antonio's. Suppose the landlord lets the tenants do whatever they want. O True O False True or False: According to the Coase theorem, Shen and Antonio might not be able to reach an agreement if the transaction costs are high.
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3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant marginal external cost (MEC) of $165 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (marginal private benefits, or MPB) curve and the supply (marginal private costs, or MPC) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the marginal social costs (MSC) curve when the marginal external cost is $165 per ton. PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel) 1100 990 880 770 660 550 440 330 220 110 0 0 + 1 O ☐ O 2 0 H 3 ▬ The market equilibrium quantity is O 4 5 QUANTITY (Tons of steel) ☐ ☐ 6 Supply (MPC) Demand (MPB) 7 MSC ? tons of steel, but the socially optimal quantity of steel production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity…